Chapter 33: Slide 124

Question 1

Clade identified by molecular data, have the widest range of animal body forms

Answer 1

Lophotrochozoans

Question 2

Lophotrochozoans have a ________ for feeding, others have a __________ larval stage, and few have _________

Answer 2

Lophophore; trochophore; neither

Question 3

What are the 6 groups of Lophotrochozoans

Answer 3

Flatworms, Rotifers and Acanthocephalans, Ectoprocts, Brachiopods, Molluscs, and Annelids

Question 4

Phylum Platyhelminthes includes

Answer 4

Flatworms

Question 5

Where do flatworms live?

Answer 5

Marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats

Question 6

Many are parasites, such as flukes and tapeworms

Answer 6

Flatworms

Question 7

They are dorsoventrally flattened acoelomates

Answer 7

Flatworms

Question 8

The gastrovascular cavity branches throughout the body

Answer 8

Flatworms

Question 9

In Flatworms, the flat body increases _________ ________, placing all cells close to water, either in the surroundings or the gut

Answer 9

Surface area

Question 10

Enables elimination of nitrogenous waste and gas exchange by diffusion across the body surface

Answer 10

Flat body surface area placing all cells close to water, either in the surroundings or the gut

Question 11

When an organism grows without changing shape, ________ increases more rapidly than _________ _______

Answer 11

Volume; surface area

Question 12

____________ organisms have proportionally less surface area over which exchange processes can occur

Answer 12

Larger

Question 13

The surface area of structures is maximized by __________, flattening, folding, and ____________

Answer 13

Branching; projections

Question 14

What in flatworms maintains osmotic balance with the surroundings

Answer 14

Excretory apparatus

Question 15

The excretory apparatus consists of _____________

Answer 15

Protonephridia

Question 16

Networks of tubules with ciliated structures called flame bulbs

Answer 16

Protonephridia

Question 17

Networks of tubules with ciliated structures on Protonephridia

Answer 17

Flame bulbs

Question 18

Pull fluid through branched ducts open to the external environment

Answer 18

Flame bulbs

Question 19

What are the two lineages of Flatworms

Answer 19

Catenulida and Rhabditophora

Question 20

Lineage of flatworms, AKA “chain worms”

Answer 20

Catenulida

Question 21

Live in freshwater, and reproduce asexually by budding into chains of individuals

Answer 21

Catenulida

Question 22

Lineage of Flatworms that are more diverse and can be found in both marine and freshwater habitats, and have free-living and parasitic species

Answer 22

Rhabditophora

Question 23

Are Rhabditophorans that live in fresh water and prey on smaller or feed on dead animals

Answer 23

Planarians

Question 24

They have light-sensitive eyespots as well as lateral flaps for the detection of chemicals

Answer 24

Planarians

Question 25

The nervous system of __________ is centralized and more complex than that of Cnidarians

Answer 25

Planarians

Question 26

Some __________ reproduce asexually by fission

Answer 26

Planarians

Question 27

Planarians are ___________; copulating mates cross fertilize each other during sexual reproduction

Answer 27

Hermaphrodites

Question 28

More than half of ________________ are parasites living in or on other animals

Answer 28

Rhabditophorans

Question 29

What are the 2 important groups of parasitics Rhabditophorans

Answer 29

Trematodes and tapeworms

Question 30

This parasitic species of Rhabditophorans have diverse hosts, and complex life cycles with alternating sexual and asexual stages

Answer 30

Trematodes

Question 31

Trematodes require an ___________ host in which larvae develop before infecting the final host

Answer 31

Intermediate

Question 32

_________ _______, Trematodes that cause schistosomiasis in humans, spend part of their lives inside _______

Answer 32

Blood flukes; snails

Question 33

This parasitic species of Rhabditophorans are parasites of mostly vertebrates, including humans

Answer 33

Tapeworms

Question 34

They do not have mouth or gastrovascular cavity, they absorb nutrients directly form the ________ intestine

Answer 34

Tapeworms; host

Question 35

In Tapeworms, __________ at the anterior end contains suckers and hooks for attacking to the host

Answer 35

Scolex

Question 36

In Tapeworms, ____________ are units that contain sex organs form a riven behind the scolex

Answer 36

Proglottids

Question 37

After sexual production, proglottids carrying thousands of eggs leave the ________ body in feces

Answer 37

Host’s

Question 38

In tapeworms, _______ containing eggs are consumed in the food or water of intermediate hosts, such as ______ or ______

Answer 38

Feces; pigs; cattle

Question 39

In tapeworms, ________ acquire larvae encysted in the muscle of intermediate hosts by eating uncooked meat

Answer 39

Humans

Question 40

What phylum do Rotifers and Acanthocephalans belong to?

Answer 40

Syndermata

Question 41

Are tiny animals that inhabit freshwater, marine, and damp soil habitats

Answer 41

Rotifers

Question 42

They are smaller than many host protists but are truly multicellular and have specialized organ systems

Answer 42

Rotifers

Question 43

Have a crown of cilia that draw water and food particles in to the mouth

Answer 43

Rotifers

Question 44

In Rotifers, food is ground up in jaws called

Answer 44

Trophi

Question 45

In Rotifers, food is further digested in the ___________ _______

Answer 45

Alimentary canal

Question 46

In Rotifers, a digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus

Answer 46

Alimentary canal

Question 47

In Rotifers, fluid in the _______ function as a hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 47

Hemocoel

Question 48

In Rotifers, _______ ___________ distribute nutrients in the fluid to internal organs suspended within the Hemocoel

Answer 48

Body movements

Question 49

Some Rotifers species reproduce entirely by ________________

Answer 49

Parthenogenesis

Question 50

In Rotifers, where females produce female offspring from unfertilized eggs

Answer 50

Parthenogenesis

Question 51

Other species also reproduce sexually under certain conditions, such as crowding

Answer 51

Rotifers

Question 52

This lineage of Syndermata are sexually reproducing parasites of vertebrates

Answer 52

Acanthocephalans

Question 53

They lack a complete digestive tract

Answer 53

Acanthocephalans

Question 54

They are commonly called spiny-headed worms after the curved hooks on the proboscis

Answer 54

Acanthocephalans

Question 55

All _________________ are parasites that have complex life cycles with _________ hosts

Answer 55

Acanthocephalans; multiple

Question 56

In Acanthocephalans, some species manipulate the ________ host’s behavior to increase transmission to the ______ host

Answer 56

Intermediate; final

Question 57

What 2 Phylum share several traits

Answer 57

Ectoprocts and Brachiopods

Question 58

What are the 4 traits that Ectoprocts share with Brachiopods?

Answer 58

- a lophophore, a crown of ciliated tentacles around their mouth used for feeding - a U-shaped alimentary canal - the absence of a distinct head - a coelom

Question 59

What is another name for Ectoprocts

Answer 59

Bryozoans

Question 60

As sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble clumps of moss

Answer 60

Ectoprocts

Question 61

In some species, the colony is encased in a hard exoskeleton; the lophophores extend through pores

Answer 61

Ectoprocts

Question 62

Where are Ectoprocts found?

Answer 62

In the sea; several are reef builders

Question 63

What is another name for Brachiopods

Answer 63

Lamp shells

Question 64

Superficially resemble clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs

Answer 64

Brachiopods

Question 65

The two halves of the shells in Brachiopods are ___________ and __________ rather than lateral as in clams

Answer 65

Dorsal; ventral

Question 66

All Brachiopods are _________; most attach to the sea floor by stalk

Answer 66

Marine