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Biology 2 > Chapter 33: Slide 124 > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Slide 124 Flashcards

1
Q

Clade identified by molecular data, have the widest range of animal body forms

A

Lophotrochozoans

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2
Q

Lophotrochozoans have a ________ for feeding, others have a __________ larval stage, and few have _________

A

Lophophore; trochophore; neither

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3
Q

What are the 6 groups of Lophotrochozoans

A

Flatworms, Rotifers and Acanthocephalans, Ectoprocts, Brachiopods, Molluscs, and Annelids

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4
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes includes

A

Flatworms

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5
Q

Where do flatworms live?

A

Marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats

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6
Q

Many are parasites, such as flukes and tapeworms

A

Flatworms

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7
Q

They are dorsoventrally flattened acoelomates

A

Flatworms

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8
Q

The gastrovascular cavity branches throughout the body

A

Flatworms

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9
Q

In Flatworms, the flat body increases _________ ________, placing all cells close to water, either in the surroundings or the gut

A

Surface area

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10
Q

Enables elimination of nitrogenous waste and gas exchange by diffusion across the body surface

A

Flat body surface area placing all cells close to water, either in the surroundings or the gut

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11
Q

When an organism grows without changing shape, ________ increases more rapidly than _________ _______

A

Volume; surface area

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12
Q

____________ organisms have proportionally less surface area over which exchange processes can occur

A

Larger

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13
Q

The surface area of structures is maximized by __________, flattening, folding, and ____________

A

Branching; projections

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14
Q

What in flatworms maintains osmotic balance with the surroundings

A

Excretory apparatus

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15
Q

The excretory apparatus consists of _____________

A

Protonephridia

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16
Q

Networks of tubules with ciliated structures called flame bulbs

A

Protonephridia

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17
Q

Networks of tubules with ciliated structures on Protonephridia

A

Flame bulbs

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18
Q

Pull fluid through branched ducts open to the external environment

A

Flame bulbs

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19
Q

What are the two lineages of Flatworms

A

Catenulida and Rhabditophora

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20
Q

Lineage of flatworms, AKA “chain worms”

A

Catenulida

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21
Q

Live in freshwater, and reproduce asexually by budding into chains of individuals

A

Catenulida

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22
Q

Lineage of Flatworms that are more diverse and can be found in both marine and freshwater habitats, and have free-living and parasitic species

A

Rhabditophora

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23
Q

Are Rhabditophorans that live in fresh water and prey on smaller or feed on dead animals

A

Planarians

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24
Q

They have light-sensitive eyespots as well as lateral flaps for the detection of chemicals

A

Planarians

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25
Q

The nervous system of __________ is centralized and more complex than that of Cnidarians

A

Planarians

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26
Q

Some __________ reproduce asexually by fission

A

Planarians

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27
Q

Planarians are ___________; copulating mates cross fertilize each other during sexual reproduction

A

Hermaphrodites

28
Q

More than half of ________________ are parasites living in or on other animals

A

Rhabditophorans

29
Q

What are the 2 important groups of parasitics Rhabditophorans

A

Trematodes and tapeworms

30
Q

This parasitic species of Rhabditophorans have diverse hosts, and complex life cycles with alternating sexual and asexual stages

A

Trematodes

31
Q

Trematodes require an ___________ host in which larvae develop before infecting the final host

A

Intermediate

32
Q

_________ _______, Trematodes that cause schistosomiasis in humans, spend part of their lives inside _______

A

Blood flukes; snails

33
Q

This parasitic species of Rhabditophorans are parasites of mostly vertebrates, including humans

A

Tapeworms

34
Q

They do not have mouth or gastrovascular cavity, they absorb nutrients directly form the ________ intestine

A

Tapeworms; host

35
Q

In Tapeworms, __________ at the anterior end contains suckers and hooks for attacking to the host

A

Scolex

36
Q

In Tapeworms, ____________ are units that contain sex organs form a riven behind the scolex

A

Proglottids

37
Q

After sexual production, proglottids carrying thousands of eggs leave the ________ body in feces

A

Host’s

38
Q

In tapeworms, _______ containing eggs are consumed in the food or water of intermediate hosts, such as ______ or ______

A

Feces; pigs; cattle

39
Q

In tapeworms, ________ acquire larvae encysted in the muscle of intermediate hosts by eating uncooked meat

A

Humans

40
Q

What phylum do Rotifers and Acanthocephalans belong to?

A

Syndermata

41
Q

Are tiny animals that inhabit freshwater, marine, and damp soil habitats

A

Rotifers

42
Q

They are smaller than many host protists but are truly multicellular and have specialized organ systems

A

Rotifers

43
Q

Have a crown of cilia that draw water and food particles in to the mouth

A

Rotifers

44
Q

In Rotifers, food is ground up in jaws called

A

Trophi

45
Q

In Rotifers, food is further digested in the ___________ _______

A

Alimentary canal

46
Q

In Rotifers, a digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus

A

Alimentary canal

47
Q

In Rotifers, fluid in the _______ function as a hydrostatic skeleton

A

Hemocoel

48
Q

In Rotifers, _______ ___________ distribute nutrients in the fluid to internal organs suspended within the Hemocoel

A

Body movements

49
Q

Some Rotifers species reproduce entirely by ________________

A

Parthenogenesis

50
Q

In Rotifers, where females produce female offspring from unfertilized eggs

A

Parthenogenesis

51
Q

Other species also reproduce sexually under certain conditions, such as crowding

A

Rotifers

52
Q

This lineage of Syndermata are sexually reproducing parasites of vertebrates

A

Acanthocephalans

53
Q

They lack a complete digestive tract

A

Acanthocephalans

54
Q

They are commonly called spiny-headed worms after the curved hooks on the proboscis

A

Acanthocephalans

55
Q

All _________________ are parasites that have complex life cycles with _________ hosts

A

Acanthocephalans; multiple

56
Q

In Acanthocephalans, some species manipulate the ________ host’s behavior to increase transmission to the ______ host

A

Intermediate; final

57
Q

What 2 Phylum share several traits

A

Ectoprocts and Brachiopods

58
Q

What are the 4 traits that Ectoprocts share with Brachiopods?

A
  • a lophophore, a crown of ciliated tentacles around their mouth used for feeding
  • a U-shaped alimentary canal
  • the absence of a distinct head
  • a coelom
59
Q

What is another name for Ectoprocts

A

Bryozoans

60
Q

As sessile colonial animals that superficially resemble clumps of moss

A

Ectoprocts

61
Q

In some species, the colony is encased in a hard exoskeleton; the lophophores extend through pores

A

Ectoprocts

62
Q

Where are Ectoprocts found?

A

In the sea; several are reef builders

63
Q

What is another name for Brachiopods

A

Lamp shells

64
Q

Superficially resemble clams and other hinge-shelled molluscs

A

Brachiopods

65
Q

The two halves of the shells in Brachiopods are ___________ and __________ rather than lateral as in clams

A

Dorsal; ventral

66
Q

All Brachiopods are _________; most attach to the sea floor by stalk

A

Marine

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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