Chapter 34C: Vertebrates Cont. Slide 80

Question 1

Are tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg

Answer 1

Amniotes

Question 2

Are tetrapods whose living members are the reptiles (including birds) and mammals

Answer 2

Amniotes

Question 3

Amniotes are named for the ________ _____, which contains ___ membranes that protect the embryo

Answer 3

Amniotic egg; 4

Question 4

A key adaptation for life on land, the amniotic egg reduced dependence on ______ for reproduction

Answer 4

water

Question 5

What are the 4 extraembryonic membranes

Answer 5

Amnion
Chorion
Yolk sac
Allantois

Question 6

A fluid-filled sac that surrounds, bathes, and cushions the embryo

Answer 6

Amnion

Question 7

Function in gas exchange, nutrient transfer, and waste storage

Answer 7

Yolk sac
Chorion
Allantois

Question 8

Tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and birds

Answer 8

Reptiles

Question 9

Lizards and snakes

Answer 9

Squamates

Question 10

Reptiles have scales containing _________ to protect skin from desiccation and abrasion

Answer 10

Keratin

Question 11

Most reptiles are _________, absorbing external heat as the main source of body heat

Answer 11

Ectothermic

Question 12

Regulate their body temperature through behavioral adaptations

Answer 12

Ectotherms

Question 13

Birds are __________, capable of maintaining body temperature through metabolic activity

Answer 13

Endothermic

Question 14

Earliest reptiles that resembled lizards

Answer 14

Diapsids

Question 15

Have a pair of holes on either side of the skull through which muscle attach to the jaw

Answer 15

Diapsids

Question 16

What are the 3 lineages of Diapsids?

Answer 16

Turtles
Lepidosaurs
Archosaurs

Question 17

Include living tuataras, lizards, and snakes, and extinct mososaurs

Answer 17

Lepidosaurs

Question 18

Include living crocodilians, and extinct pterosaurs and dinosaurs

Answer 18

Archosaurs

Question 19

Bipedal carnivores (T-Rex)

Answer 19

Theropods

Question 20

Two lineages of turtles

Answer 20

Side-necked
Vertical-necked

Question 21

Fold their neck horizontally

Answer 21

Side-necked turtles

Question 22

Fold their neck vertically

Answer 22

Vertical-necked turtles

Question 23

Largest living species of turtles

Answer 23

Sea turtles

Question 24

Lepidosaurs —> _________ (lizards and snakes)

Answer 24

Squamates

Question 25

_______ are descendants from lizards with legs

Answer 25

Snakes

Question 26

Snakes use _________ _______ to grip the ground at several points and pull their body up and forward

Answer 26

Belly scales

Question 27

Birds are _________ that have evolved extensive modifications in their adaptation to flight

Answer 27

Archosaurs

Question 28

Birds lack

Answer 28

Urinary bladder

Question 29

How many ovary do female birds have?

Answer 29

One ovary

Question 30

Bird feathers are made of ___-________ are arranged to form wings into _______

Answer 30

Beta-keratin; airfoils

Question 31

Birds have ______ vision, acute eyesight, and ______ muscle control to support flight

Answer 31

Color; fine

Question 32

What in birds benefits hunting and scavenging, escapee from terrestrial predators, and long-distance migration

Answer 32

Flight

Question 33

What two structures in birds insulate the body, reducing heat loss

Answer 33

Feathers and layer of fat

Question 34

Fertilization in birds is

Answer 34

Internal

Question 35

The clade that includes the 28 orders of living birds

Answer 35

Neornithes

Question 36

Order of flightless birds including the ostrich, rhea, kiwi, cassowary, and emu

Answer 36

Ratites

Question 37

Are amniotes that have hair and produce milk

Answer 37

Mammals

Question 38

What structure in mammals produce milk to feed young

Answer 38

Mammary glands

Question 39

In mammals, these two structures allow for insulation

Answer 39

Hair Fat layer under the skin

Question 40

In mammals, conserve water from wastes

Answer 40

Kidneys

Question 41

In mammals, structure used for shearing, crushing or grinding

Answer 41

Teeth

Question 42

Mammals in arid environments, structure that limits evaporative water loss

Answer 42

Thick oily skin

Question 43

Mammals in arid environments, structure that increase efficiency of water reabsorption when exhaling

Answer 43

Large nasal passages

Question 44

Mammals in arid environments, two structures that absorb most of the water from food, losing little in feces and urine

Answer 44

Large intestine Kidneys

Question 45

Amniotes that include mammals

Answer 45

Synapsids

Question 46

All synapsids are distinguished by a single ___________ ___________ (hole behind each eye socket)

Answer 46

Temporal fenestra

Question 47

Egg-laying mammals

Answer 47

Monotremes

Question 48

Mammals with a pouch

Answer 48

Marsupials

Question 49

Placental mammals

Answer 49

Eutherians

Question 50

Are a small group of egg-laying mammals

Answer 50

Monotremes

Question 51

Include 4 species of echidnas and one species of platypus

Answer 51

Monotremes

Question 52

In Monotremes, females lack _______ and secrete milk from ________ on their bellies; babies suck milk from their _______

Answer 52

Nipples; glands; fur

Question 53

Nipples to provide milk Birth of live young Embryonic development in the uterus A placenta for nutrient transfer

Answer 53

Marsupials

Question 54

Are born early and continue to develop while nursing in pouch called the ___________

Answer 54

Marsupials; marsupium

Question 55

Compared with marsupials, ___________ have a more complex ________ and longer ______________

Answer 55

Eutherians; placenta; pregnancies

Question 56

The mammalian order that includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys and apes

Answer 56

Primates

Question 57

_________ are members of the ape group

Answer 57

Humans