Chapter 42: Circulation And Gas Exchange

Question 1

Small molecules can move between cells and their surroundings by

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

Random thermal motion

Answer 2

Diffusion

Question 3

Diffusion is only efficient over ________ distances

Answer 3

Small

Question 4

In most animals, the circulatory system is functionally linked to the ___________ ___ ______ with the environment and with body cells

Answer 4

Exchange of gases

Question 5

Some animals lack a ___________ system

Answer 5

Circulatory

Question 6

Cnidarians have elaborate _____________ __________

Answer 6

Gastrovascular cavities

Question 7

Gastrovascular cavities function in _________ and __________ of substances throughout the body

Answer 7

Digestion; distribution

Question 8

The body wall that encloses the gastrovascular cavity is only ___ cells thick

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What specimen have a gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 9

Flatworms

Question 10

What 2 things do Flatworms have that minimize diffusion distances

Answer 10

Flat bodies; gastrovascular cavity

Question 11

What 3 things do circulatory systems have?

Answer 11

Circulatory fluid
Set of interconnecting vessels
Muscular pump, the heart

Question 12

The circulatory system connects the ________ that surrounds cells with ________ that exchange gases, absorbs nutrients, and dispose of wastes

Answer 12

Fluid; organs

Question 13

Circulatory systems can be _______ or _________

Answer 13

Open; closed

Question 14

In _________, other arthropods, and some molluscs, have circulatory fluid called __________

Answer 14

Insects; Hemolymph

Question 15

Bathes the organs directly in an open circulatory system

Answer 15

Hemolymph

Question 16

Hemolymph is a part of a ______ circulatory system

Answer 16

Open

Question 17

Blood is a part of a ________ circulatory system

Answer 17

Closed

Question 18

Is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid

Answer 18

Blood

Question 19

Name 3 groups that have closed circulatory systems

Answer 19

Annelids
Cephalopods
Vertebrates

Question 20

Allow organisms to use less energy than needed

Answer 20

Open systems

Question 21

Allow organisms to grow larger

Answer 21

Closed systems

Question 22

Allow organisms to be more active due to effective delivery of oxygen and nutrients

Answer 22

Closed system

Question 23

Regulate the distribution of blood to different organs

Answer 23

Closed system

Question 24

What is a closed circulatory system in humans and some vertebrates called?

Answer 24

Cardiovascular system

Question 25

What does the cardiovascular system include?

Answer 25

Heart Blood vessels

Question 26

What are the 3 main types of blood vessels

Answer 26

Arteries Veins Capillaries

Question 27

Blood flows ______ way in these vessels

Answer 27

One

Question 28

Arteries branch into _________ and carry blood ______ ______ the heart to __________

Answer 28

Arterioles; away from; capillaries

Question 29

AKA network of capillaries

Answer 29

Capillary beds

Question 30

Sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid

Answer 30

Capillary beds

Question 31

Capillary beds have chemical exchange between the _____ and ________ ________

Answer 31

Blood; interstitial fluid

Question 32

_______ converge into veins

Answer 32

Venules

Question 33

Return blood from capillaries to the heart

Answer 33

Veins

Question 34

What are distinguished by the direction of blood flow, not by ____ content

Answer 34

Arteries; veins; O2

Question 35

Vertebrates hearts contain ____ or more chambers

Answer 35

2

Question 36

Blood enters through _______ and is pumped out through ____________

Answer 36

Atria; ventricles

Question 37

Sharks, rays, and bony fish have _________ circulation with a ____-chambered heart

Answer 37

Single; 2

Question 38

In single circulation, blood leaving the heart passes through ____ capillary beds before returning

Answer 38

2

Question 39

What groups have double circulation?

Answer 39

Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

Question 40

In double circulation, oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the _______ side of the heart in ___ circuit

Answer 40

Right; 1

Question 41

In double circulation; oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the _____ side of the heart in a _________ circuit

Answer 41

Left; separate

Question 42

Oxygen-poor blood flows through the __________ ________ to pick up oxygen through the _______

Answer 42

Pulmonary circuit; lungs

Question 43

What group(s) have oxygen-poor blood flow through pulmonary circuit

Answer 43

Reptiles and mammals

Question 44

Oxygen-poor blood flows through the __________ ________ to pick up oxygen through the _______ and ________

Answer 44

Pulmocutaneous circuit; lungs; skin

Question 45

What group(s) have oxygen-poor blood flow through pulmocutaneous circuit

Answer 45

Amphibians

Question 46

Oxygen-rich blood delivers oxygen through the _______ circuit

Answer 46

Systemic

Question 47

___________ circulation maintains higher blood pressure in the organs than does _________ circulation

Answer 47

Double; single