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Biology 2 > Chapter 30 Part B: Plant Diversity II (Slide > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Part B: Plant Diversity II (Slide Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

All angiosperms belong to which phylum?

A

Phylum Anthophyta

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2
Q

What are Angiosperms two key adaptations

A

Flowers and fruit

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3
Q

An angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

A

Flower

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4
Q

What transfers pollen from one flower to the sex organs of another?

A

Insects or other animals

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5
Q

What is an example of an angiosperm that is wind pollinated?

A

Grass

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6
Q

Specialized shoot

A

Flower

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7
Q

Flowers have four types of modified leaves called

A

Floral organs

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8
Q

Usually green and enclose the flower bud

A

Sepals

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9
Q

Often brightly colored to attract pollinators; wind-pollinated flowers are not usually brightly colored

A

Petals

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10
Q

Are microsporophylls, male reproductive organs

A

Stamens

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11
Q

Are megasporophylls, female reproductive organs

A

Carpels

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12
Q

Stamen consists of a stalk called a

A

Filament

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13
Q

A stamen consists of a filament and a terminal sac called a(n)

A

Anther

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14
Q

Produced within the anthers and develop into pollen grains which contain the male _______________

A

Microspores; gametophytes

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15
Q

Carpel consists of an ________ at the base of a _______ leading up to a sticky __________ that receives pollen

A

Ovary; style; stigma

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16
Q

What contains the female gametophyte(s) within the ovule(s)

A

Ovary

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17
Q

What develop into seeds?

A

Fertilized ovules

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18
Q

Single carpel or two or more fused carpels

A

Pistil

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19
Q

Flowers are variable in _______, _______, _________, and ________

A

Shape, size, color, odor

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20
Q

What kinds of symmetry do flowers have? (2)

A

Radial and bilateral

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21
Q

This type of symmetry, any imaginary line through the central axis divides the flowers into 2 equal parts

A

Radial

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22
Q

In what kind of symmetry can a flower only be divided into 2 equal parts by a single imaginary line

A

Bilateral

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23
Q

As seeds develop, the ovary wall thickens and the ovary matures into a

A

Fruit

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24
Q

What protects seeds and aid in their dispersal?

A

Fruit

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25
Mature fruits can be either ______ or _______
Fleshy; dry
26
Tomatoes, plums, and grapes
Fleshy fruits
27
Soft ovary wall
Pericarp
28
Beans, nuts, and grains
Dry fruits
29
What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (1)
Dandelions; function like parachutes for wind dispersal
30
What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (2)
Coconuts; adapted to float for dispersal by water
31
What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (3)
Fruits modified as burrs cling to animal fur
32
What are ways fruit and seeds and help disperse seeds? (4)
Vividly colored fruits are eaten by animals and dispersed in their feces
33
What is contained within pollen grains?
Male gametophytes
34
What are produced by the microsporangia of anthers
Pollen grains
35
What contains a female gametophyte
Ovary
36
Ovule developed within the ovary and contains a female gametophyte
Embryo sac
37
What is contained within the embryo sac
Egg
38
What is released from the anther and carried to the sticky stigma at the tip of the carpel
Pollen
39
Some flowers can ______-pollinate, but most have mechanism to ensure _________-pollination
Self; cross
40
Transfer of pollen from a different individual
Cross-pollination
41
What germinate on the stigma and produce a pollen tube
Pollen grains
42
What grows down to the ovary
Pollen tube
43
What penetrates the Micropyle
Pollen tube
44
A pore in the integumentary that discharge two sperm cells
Micropyle
45
Both sperm cells are used in a process called
Double fertilization
46
In double fertilization: One ________ fertilized the _______ forming a __________ zygote
Sperm; egg; diploid
47
In double fertilization: The other sperm fuses with __ nuclei in the _________ _____, forming a ______ cell (3n)
2; embryo sac; triploid
48
In the Angiosperm life cycle (ALC), the fertilized ________ matures into a seed
Ovule
49
In the ALC, the ________ forms a sporophyte embryo with a simple root and __ or 2 ____________ (seed leaves)
Zygote; 1; cotyledons
50
In ALC, the triploid cell forms a _________, tissue rich in starch and other food for developing embryo
Endosperm
51
In ALC, what emerges when the seed coat ruptures?
Embryo as a seedling
52
Food stored in the endosperm and cotyledons is used until when?
The seedling can start photosynthesis
53
Monicots have how many cotyledon?
1
54
Dicots have how many cotyledon?
2
55
_________ and _______ have influenced each other’s evolutionary histories
Animals; plants
56
What interaction may have affected the rate of new species formation
Plant-pollinator
57
Comprise more than 290,000 species
Angiosperms
58
Angiosperms are divided into 2 groups:
Monocots and Dicots
59
One cotyledon
Monocots
60
Two cotyledons
Dicots
61
“True” dicots
Eudicots
62
Form a clade that includes most of the species once categorized as dicots
Eudicots
63
Parallel veins
Monocots
64
Netlike veins
Eudicot
65
Vascular tissue scattered
Monocots
66
Vascular tissue usually arranged in ring
Eudicot
67
Root system usually fibrous (no main root)
Monocot
68
Taproot (main root) usually present
Eudicot
69
Pollen grain with 1 opening
Monocots
70
Pollen grain with 3 openings
Eudicot
71
Floral organs usually in multiples of 3
Monocots
72
Floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5
Eudicot
73
What are the 2 small lineages of remaining dicots
Basal angiosperms and Magnoliids
74
Amborella trichopoda, water lilies, and star anise
Basal Angiosperms
75
Consist of about 100 species
Basal Angiosperms
76
Consist of about 8,500 species
Magnoliids
77
Include both woody and herbaceous plants
Magnoliids
78
Genetically more closely related to Monocots and eudicots
Magnoliids
79
About 1/4 of angiosperms
Monocots
80
About 72,000 species
Monocots
81
Orchids, grasses, and palms
Monocots
82
Maize, rice and wheat
Grasses
83
More than 2/3 of angiosperms
Eudicots
84
210,000 species
Eudicots
85
What is the largest group of Eudicots?
Legume family (peas and beans)
86
Oak, maple, walnut, willow, and birch
Eudicots
87
Key sources of food, fuel, wood products, and medicine
Seed plants
88
Where does most of our food come from?
Angiosperms
89
Products of relatively recent genetic change resulting from artificial selection
Modern crops
90
The ________ and ______ of seed are treated in domesticated plants compared to wild relatives
Number; size
91
Provide edible products including tea, coffee, chocolate, and spices
Flowering plants
92
Sources of wood used for field, paper production, and construction
Seed plants

Biology 2 (33 decks)

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