Chapter 31: Fungi Summary

Question 1

Parasites with flagellated spores

Answer 1

Cryptomycetes

Question 2

Parasitic cells that form resistant spores

Answer 2

Microsporidians

Question 3

Flagellated spores

Answer 3

Chytrids

Question 4

Resistant zygosporangium as a sexual stage

Answer 4

Zoopagomycetes

Question 5

Include fungi that form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants

Answer 5

Mucuromycetes

Question 6

Sexual spores born internally in sacs (asci)

Answer 6

Ascospores

Question 7

Contain Ascospores in asci; vast numbers of conidia produced

Answer 7

Ascomycetes

Question 8

Asexual spores in Ascomycetes

Answer 8

Conidia

Question 9

Elaborate fruiting body containing many basidia

Answer 9

Basidiocarp

Question 10

Basidiocarp containg many basidia that produce basidiospores

Answer 10

Basidiomycetes

Question 11

Fungal bodies form networks of tiny filaments called

Answer 11

Hyphae

Question 12

A structural polymer that strengthens hyphae

Answer 12

Chitin

Question 13

Hyphae are divided into cells by cross-walls called

Answer 13

Septa

Question 14

Lack septa and have hundred or thousands of nuclei in a continuous cytoplasmic mass

Answer 14

Coenocytic fungi

Question 15

Fungal hyphae form an interwoven mass called; that infiltrates the food source

Answer 15

Mycelium

Question 16

Specialized hyphae that penetrate plant cell walls, but not the cell membrane

Answer 16

Arbuscules

Question 17

Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots; “fungus roots”

Answer 17

Mycorrhizae

Question 18

Form sheaths of hyphae over the root surface and extend into the extra cellular spaces of the root cortex

Answer 18

Ectomycorrhizal fungi

Question 19

Extend Arbuscules through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane

Answer 19

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Question 20

Mycorrhizal fungi colonize soils by the dispersal of haploid cells called

Answer 20

Spores

Question 21

Sexual signaling molecules of fungi to communicate their mating type

Answer 21

Pheromones

Question 22

The union of the cytoplasm from two parent mycelia

Answer 22

Plasmogamy

Question 23

A mycelium that contains coexisting, genetically different nuclei called a

Answer 23

Heterokaryon

Question 24

The haploid nuclei pair off two to a cell; such a mycelium is said to be

Answer 24

Dikaryotic

Question 25

Process of nuclei fusion

Answer 25

Karyogamy

Question 26

Yeasts and filamentous fungi that have no known sexual stage form a group called

Answer 26

Deuteromycetes

Question 27

Clade includes fungi, animals, and their protistan relatives

Answer 27

Opisthokonts

Question 28

Closely related amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria

Answer 28

Nucleariids

Question 29

These two phyla form a sister group and are basal fungi lineage

Answer 29

Cryptomycetes and microsporidians

Question 30

Flagellated spores of chytrids

Answer 30

Zoospores

Question 31

This phylum live as parasites or commensal symbionts of animals or as parasites of other fungi or protists

Answer 31

Zoopagomycetes

Question 32

This phylum includes important decomposers

Answer 32

Mucoromycetes

Question 33

Fusion between different mating types (plasmogamy) produces a

Answer 33

Zygosporagium

Question 34

This phylum is often called sac fungi, named for their saclike asci

Answer 34

Ascomycetes

Question 35

Fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes

Answer 35

Ascocarps

Question 36

Ascocarps contain the spore-forming

Answer 36

Asci

Question 37

Conidia are produced at the tips of specialized hyphae called

Answer 37

Conidiophores

Question 38

The phylum including mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

Answer 38

Basidiomycetes

Question 39

A cell in which Karyogamy and meiosis occur in Basidiomycetes

Answer 39

Basidium

Question 40

A complex polymer abundant in wood

Answer 40

Lignin

Question 41

Best at decomposing lignin

Answer 41

Basidiomycetes

Question 42

Fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts without causing harm

Answer 42

Endophytes

Question 43

Endophytes are

Answer 43

Ascomycetes

Question 44

Symbiotic associations between photosynthetic microorganisms and fungi

Answer 44

Lichens

Question 45

Small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae

Answer 45

Soredia

Question 46

Fungal infections in animals

Answer 46

Mycosis