Blood Vessels & Blood Pressure (Cardiovascular Info)

Question 1

Blood vessels

-functions (3)

Answer 1

FUNCTIONS: -transport blood through body

• exchange of substances btwn blood & body tissue cells
• diffuse of oxygen and nutrients from blood to tissue cells and waste products from cell to blood

Question 2

percent of blood carried by vessels (5)

Answer 2

• systemic veins and venules (64%) (deoxygenated-> get quickly oxygenized)
• systemic arteries and arterioles (13%)
• pulmonary vessels (9%)
• heart (7%)
• systemic capillaries (7%)

Question 3

type of vessels

Answer 3

arteries-> arterioles-> capillaries-> venules-> veins-> back to heart

Question 4

arteries

def? description? controlled by? cause (2)?

Answer 4

carry oxygen rich blood away from heart
thick walls, 3 tunic (layers) surround a lumen (hollow tube)
controlled by ANS & local chemicals
smooth muscle in walls cause:
-vasoconstriction
-vasodilation

Question 5

vasoconstriction in arteries

Answer 5

contraction (lumen diam. narrows)

sympathetic

Question 6

vasodilation in arteries

Answer 6

relaxation (luman diam. enlarges)

parasympathetic

Question 7

arterioles

description? location? function?

Answer 7

almost microscopic
branches from small arteries into tissues
REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE & BLOOD FLOW TO CAPILLARIES

Question 8

Capillaries

description? what occurs? how many? contain?

Answer 8

(blood flow-slower in cap., single layer, farther from heart-slow down, flows back quicker-faster back to heart bc want oxygen)

• thin walls, microscopic
• blood cells move in singe file
• 20 billion from extensive network
• contain SPHINCTERS

Question 9

Sphincters in capillaries

def? function?

Answer 9

SPHINCTERS (smooth muscle rings)-control direction of blood flow (act like valves, like butt hole)
-function: exchange of nutrients & wastes btwn blood and tissue fluid

Question 10

venules

description? (4)

Answer 10

microscopic, thinner walls
low-pressure (blood back to heart)
carry blood away from capillaries
larger diameter than arterioles

Question 11

veins

def? description? what helps?

Answer 11

carry oxygen poor blood from tissues to heart
thinner walls & larger lumen than arteries
can expand
largest blood reservoir in body
skeletal & respiratory muscles help blood movement (squeeze to push blood back up)
contain VALVES (prevent back flow)

Question 12

vein structure (3)

Answer 12

tunica interna
tunia media
tunica externa

Question 13

tunica interna

Answer 13

(inner layer)

simple squamous & basement membrane

Question 14

tunia media

Answer 14

smooth muscle

Question 15

tunica externa

Answer 15

(outer layer)

• elastic, tough, & stretchy
• thickest part of vein

Question 16

Vascular Resistance

def? depends on (3)?

Answer 16

opposition to blood flow
Depends on: 1) Lumen Diameter
2) Blood viscosity
3) Total blood vessel length

Question 17

(Vascular Resistance)

1) Lumen Diameter

Answer 17

(Vascular Resistance)

small lumen-> greater resistance

Question 18

(Vascular Resistance)

2) Blood viscosity

Answer 18

(Vascular Resistance)
ratio of RBC’s to plasma volume
-high viscosity (more RBC’s)-> greater resistance

Question 19

(Vascular Resistance)

3) Total blood vessel length

Answer 19

(Vascular Resistance)
longer blood vessel-> greater resistance
-obesity- additional blood vessels in adipose tissue
-400 miles added for each 2.2 lbs of fat

Question 20

Blood pressure

how is it generated?

Answer 20

contraction of ventricles generates blood pressure (BP)

-pressure exerted on walls of arteries

Question 21

what is BP determined by? (3)

Answer 21

• cardiac output (CO)
• blood volume
• vascular resistance

Question 22

systolic BP

Answer 22

highest pressure in arteries during left ventricle systole

systole=contraction

Question 23

diastolic BP

Answer 23

-highest pressure in arteries during ventricular diastole
-normal BP is 120/80 mm Hg for adults
(diastole=relaxation)

Question 24

measuring BP

where? device? sounds called?

Answer 24

measured in BRACHIAL ARTERY of left arm

• device used: sphygmomanometer
• sounds heard called: Korotkoff Sounds

Question 25

measuring systolic BP | what is it? how do you know?

Answer 25

-first sound heard through stethoscope -force of BP on arterial walls just after ventricular contraction (top of equation ex: 120)

Question 26

measure diastolic BP

Answer 26

-when no sound is heard through stethoscope -force exerted by blood remaining in arteries during ventricular relaxation (bottom of equation ex: 80)

Question 27

pulse | def? equal to?

Answer 27

alternate expanding & recoil of arterial walls | -equal to ventricle contractions

Question 28

pulse | can be detected in which 5 places?

Answer 28

``` radial artery - wrist carotid artery - lower neck brachial artery - elbow femoral artery - groin popliteal artery - behind knee (use 2 fingers, never thumb) ```

Question 29

names of the major veins and what they supply blood to? | 6) (2

Answer 29

``` Right jugular - head & neck Right subclavian - arms (Superior vena cava) Right hepatic - liver Coronary sinus- heart Left renal - kidney (Inferior vena cava) Left iliac - legs ```

Question 30

names of the major arteries and what they supply blood to?

Answer 30

``` carotid - brain left subclavian - arms (bc clavicle) mesenteric - intestine left iliac - legs right renal - kidney common hepatic - liver & spleen coronary - heart ```

Question 31

lumen | definition??

Answer 31

the hollow space through which blood flows

Question 32

vein structure vs artery structure

Answer 32

vein- thinner walls and larger lumen than arteries