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Honors Anatomy & Physiology > The Brain (Part of CNS) > Flashcards

The Brain (Part of CNS) Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

brain contains

neurons? neuroglia? weight?

A

100 billion neurons
50 trillion neuroglia
3 lbs

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2
Q

4 parts of the brain are…?

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum

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3
Q

brain functions? (3)

A

maintain homeostasis through
- sensory input -motor output
make decisions - interpret
integrate & store new information

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4
Q

brain structure

growth? folds? grooves vs folds called?

A

grows more rapidly then skull

  • folds to occupy space- convolutions
    • outward folds (bumps) called gyri (gyrus)
    • shallow grooves called sulci (sulcus)
    • deepest grooves called fissures
      - longitudinal fissure separates cerebral hemispheres (left & right)
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5
Q

cerebrum

description? function?

A

largest part of brain

provides ability to read, write, speak, analyze, memory

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6
Q

cerebrum consists of ?

A

cerebral cortex- outer portion, gray matter
white matter- inner portion
(opposite of spinal cord)

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7
Q

cerebral cortex

size? contains? how is it divided? connected by?

A

2-4 mm thick
billions of neurons
cerebral hemispheres- right & left halves
connected by corpus callosum

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8
Q

corpus callosum

A

IN CEREBRAL CORTEX
band of white matter containing axons that extend btwn hemispheres
connects 2 hemispheres together

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9
Q

lobes of cerebrum

A 
frontal
temporal
occipital
parietal
(all different functions)
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10
Q

cerebrum is all but what?

A

all but the cerebellum

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11
Q

functional areas of the cerebrum (3)

A

sensory areas
motor areas
association areas

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12
Q

sensory areas

do what? involved in what?

A

receive sensory info
involved in perception
-conscious awareness of sensation

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13
Q

motor areas

do what?

A

initiate involuntary movements (heart beat, digestion, breathing)

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14
Q

association areas do what?

A

complex integrative function
-memory, emotions, reasoning, judgement, personality traits, intelligence
(remember like associating word w/ meaning)

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15
Q

sensory areas
location?
contains what areas (5)

A

posterior half of cerebral hemispheres

  • primary somatosensory area
  • primary visual area
  • primary auditory area
  • primary gustatory area
  • primary olfactory area
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16
Q

primary somatosensory area

A

allows you to know the exact points on the body where sensations originate
-pressure, temp., pain, joint & muscle position
(like scratching yourself, you know its on your dorsum)

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17
Q

primary visual area

function?

A

visual information/ visual perception

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18
Q

primary auditory area

function?

A

sound information/auditory perception

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19
Q

primary gustatory area

function?

A

taste information/ taste perception & discrimination

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20
Q

primary olfactory area

function?

A

smell information/ perception & discrimination of odors

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21
Q

Motor areas
location?
contains what areas (2)?

A

anterior part of each cerebral hemisphere

  • primary motor area
  • broca’s area
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22
Q

primary motor area

function?

A

each region controls voluntary contractions of specific muscles or groups of muscles

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23
Q

broca’s area

function? controls what?

A
  • planning & production of speech
    • controls:
      • muscles of pharynx, larynx, mouth
      • breathing muscles to regulate proper flow of air past vocal cords
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24
Q

Association Areas

function? contains what areas (7)?

A

generates meaningful patterns of recognition & awareness

  • Somatosensory Association Areas
  • Visual Association Area
  • Auditory Assocation Area
  • Wernicke’s Area
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Premotor Area
  • Frontal Eye Field Area
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25
Somatosensory Association Area | functions? (4)
- integrates & interprets sensations - determines shape & texture of objects by touch - orientation of 1 object w/ respect to another - storage of memories of past somatosensory experiences to compare new w/ old sensations
26
Visual Association Area | location? function?
- occipital lobe | - relates present & past visual experiences
27
Auditory Association Area | location? function?
- temporal lobe | - recognize a particular sound as speech, music, or noise
28
Wernike's Area | function? location?
- temporal & parietal lobes | - interprets meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
29
Prefrontal Cortex | location? function?
- anterior frontal lobe | - makeup of personality, intellect, complex learning activities, recall, judgement, reasoning, intuition, mood
30
Premotor Area location? functions?
- frontal lobe - controls learned skilled motor activities (dancing, painting, catching, etc.) - memory bank to store specific patterns of movement (like remembering how to catch)
31
Frontal Eye Field Area | location? function?
- Frontal cortex | - controls voluntary scanning movements of the eyes
32
in the brain, where is your sensory and motor mostly located?
sensory- most of the back | motor- most of the front
33
temporal lobe
receives auditory information
34
occipital lobe
receives visual information
35
parietal lobe
receives & associates somatosensory information
36
frontal lobe
sends motor output
37
what areas does the temporal lobe include?
auditory association area | wernicke's area
38
what areas does the frontal lobe include?
``` primary motor area premotor area broca's area frontal eye field area prefrontal lobe ```
39
what areas does the parietal lobe include?
primary sensory area primary gustatory area somatosensory association area common integrative area
40
steps of CSF circulation
1) CSF is produced by the choroid plexus of each ventricle 2) Ependymal cells secrete CSF into ventricles. CSF flows through ventricles & into subarachnoid space via median & lateral apertures. Some CSF flows through central canal of spinal cord. 3) CSF circulates through & araound brain & spinal cord in subarachnoid space. 4) Some CSF is reabsorbed (into blood) in dural venous sinuses via arachnoid villi
41
Outermost covering of brain, composed of tough fibrous connective tissue
dura mater
42
innermost covering of brain; delicate & vascular
pia mater
43
structures that return CSF to venous blood in dural sinuses
arachnoid villi
44
middle meningeal layer; cobweb in structure
arachnoid mater
45
outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull
dura mater
46
function of olfactory nerve
smell
47
function of optic nerve
vision
48
function of oculomotor
movement of upper eyelid & eyeball | alters lens shape (squinting)
49
function of trochlear
movement of eyeball (cross-eyed)
50
function of trigeminal
touch, pain, temp sensations (face & jaw muscles, like nose getting cold) muscles in chewing
51
function of abducens
movement of eyeball (look side to side)
52
function of facial nerve
taste, touch, pain, & temp | taste buds & muscles in face & scalp) (face expressions
53
function of vestibulocochlear
equilibrium hearing
54
function of glossopharyngeal
taste touch pain temp monitor BP CO2 & O2 in blood for breathing swallowing speech saliva
55
function of vagus
taste touch pain temp visercal organs in thorax and abdomen | swallowing digestion slowing of heart coughing
56
function of accessory
movement of head & shoulders (shrug)
57
function of hypoglossal
movement of tongue during speech & swallowing (glossy when you say hi)
58
cranial nerve? | shrugging of shoulders
accessory
59
smelling a flower | cranial nerve?
olfactory
60
raising eyelids and focusing the lens of the eye for accommodation; constriction of eye pupils cranial nerve?
oculomotor
61
involved in smiling | cranial nerve?
facial
62
involved in chewing gum
trigeminal
63
listening to music ; sea sickness
vestibulocochlear
64
secretion of saliva ; tasting well-seasoned food
glossopharyngeal
65
involved in rolling the eyes (3)
oculomotor trochlear abducens
66
feeling a toothache
trigeminal
67
reading the study guide
optic
68
major subdivisions of the brain are the _____ and the ____
brain stem | cerebellum
69
cavities found in the brain are called?
ventricles
70
ventricles contain what?
CSF
71
gray matter is composed of what in the brain? | white matter?
gray- unmyelinated neurons | white-myelinated (& unmyelinated) neurons
72
convolutions in cerebrum are important because they increase....
surface area
73
what does the arachnoid villus do?
it reabsorbs CSF into blood
74
define dura mater
touch connective tissue covering immediately beneath the skull
75
define arachnoid mater
thin fragile web-like tissue through which CSF flows
76
define pia mater
extremely thin, inner layer attached to neurons of the brain

Honors Anatomy & Physiology (45 decks)

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