Nervous System material!

Question 1

nervous system is divided into which 2 nervous systems?

Answer 1

central & peripheral

Question 2

peripheral nervous system aka as ? divided into what 2 big divisions?

Answer 2

autonomic and somatic

Question 3

autonomic division is further divided into what 2 divisions?

Answer 3

parasympathetic & sympathetic

Question 4

Major function of the neuron?

Answer 4

excitability (respond to stimuli)

Question 5

nerve tissue consists of what 2 cells?

Answer 5

neurons and neuroglia

Question 6

function of dendrites

Answer 6

input area; receives signals from other neurons

Question 7

function of soma (cell body)

Answer 7

input area; main nutritional and metabolic area

Question 8

function of axon

Answer 8

conductive region; generates action potential along its length

Question 9

4 types of neuroglia in CNS and function of each

Answer 9

astrocytes- attach to blood capillaries & neurons to create blood-brain barrier, restricts movement of substances btwn blood & neurons of CNS, provide nutrients to neurons, regulate ion concentration, remove excess neurotransmitters
oligodendrocytes- produce & maintain myelin
microglia- acts as phagocytes (remove damaged nerve tissue & invading microbes)
ependymal cells- line brain ventricles & central canal of spinal cord to protect & nourish CNS, produce & asist in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

what support cell forms the myelin sheath?

Answer 10

Schwann cells

Question 11

myelin is found around which part of the neuron ?

Answer 11

axon

Question 12

what substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal

Answer 12

ACh acetylcholine

Question 13

neurons have only one or many axons?

Answer 13

only one

Question 14

axons are never or frequently branched?

Answer 14

frequently

Question 15

dendrites have only one or many branches?

Answer 15

many

Question 16

region of the cell body from which the axon originates from the cell body?

Answer 16

axon hillock

Question 17

secretes neurotransmitters; at ends of axon

Answer 17

axon terminal

Question 18

receptive region of a neuron

Answer 18

dendrite

Question 19

insulates the nerve fibers

Answer 19

myelin sheath

Question 20

site of the nucleus and most important metabolic processes

Answer 20

cell body (soma)

Question 21

impulse transmitter

Answer 21

axon

Question 22

3 types of functional neurons and their function

Answer 22

sensory (afferent) neurons - transmit impulses to CNS
motor (efferent) neurons - carry info from CNS to effectors
interneurons - contact w/ nearby neurons

Question 23

bipolar vs unipolar vs multipolar

Answer 23

unipolar- cell body is not in direct line of axon & dendrite (pulled off to the left side of axon)
bipolar- cell body located in the middle of axon
multipolar- several dendrites with cell body in the middle of them

Question 24

oligondendrocytes are located where?

Answer 24

they are attached to schwann cells bc they produce and maintain myelin, no projections

Question 25

CNS involves what parts of the body? (2)

Answer 25

brain and spinal cord

Question 26

PNS involves what parts of body? (5)

Answer 26

``` cranial nerves spinal nerves ganglia enteric plexuses in small intestine sensory receptors in skin ```

Question 27

what do all neurons consist of ?

Answer 27

cell body, dendrites, and axon

Question 28

how does information flow in neuron structure?

Answer 28

dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminal to synaptic end bulbs

Question 29

cell body

Answer 29

contains organelles typical of any other cell that maintains normal life functions aka soma synthesizes new cell products

Question 30

dendrites

Answer 30

extensions of the cell body that RECEIVE information

Question 31

axon hillock

Answer 31

site where impulses begin | cone shape at end of cell body (like wrist, triangle)

Question 32

axon collateral

Answer 32

branch of an axon

Question 33

axon

Answer 33

``` long process that conducts information to another cell (neuron effector) extends from axon hillock single axon per neuron axoplasm -cytoplasm of axon axolemma -cell membrane of axon ```

Question 34

schwann cell

Answer 34

maintains myelin sheath around a peripheral neuron

Question 35

myelin sheath

Answer 35

layered fatty covering that insulates axon

Question 36

node of ranvier

Answer 36

axon exposed between schwann cells (no myelin) | helps impulse travel faster!

Question 37

axon terminal

Answer 37

ending of axon where it meets another cell

Question 38

synaptic bulb

Answer 38

tip of the axon terminal

Question 39

Polarity of neurons. Which are which?

Answer 39

Multipolar- motor & interneurons | Bipolar & unipolar- sensory

Question 40

Characteristics of bipolar

Answer 40

One dendrite One axon Located: retina, inner ear, olfactory, brain areas

Question 41

Characteristics of unipolar

Answer 41

Dendrites & axon fused into 1 process (cell body not direct line of axon and dendrite) Located: most sensory neurons

Question 42

Characteristics of multipolar

Answer 42

Several dendrites One axon Located: brain and spinal cord