Cardiovascular System

Question 1

how many times does the heart beat per day?

Answer 1

beats 100,000 times per day

Question 2

blood is pumped through how many miles of blood vessels?

Answer 2

75,000

Question 3

how many liters of blood is pumped per day.?

Answer 3

pumps 14,000 L per day - more if active

Question 4

size of heart?

Answer 4

approx. size of human fist

5 1/2 “ long, 3 1/2 “ wide, 2 1/2 “ thick

Question 5

weight of the heart in oz?

Answer 5

8-10 oz

Question 6

location of heart

Answer 6

lies in the mediastium area on top of diaphragm

Question 7

how much of the heart is on the left side of the body?

Answer 7

2/3 of heart mass is left of the body’s midline

Question 8

what is the tip (bottom) of the heart called?

Answer 8

Apex

Question 9

pericardium

def? layers?

Answer 9

membrane surrounds & protects heart
consists of 2 layers 
-fibrous pericardium
-serous pericardium
     -parietal layer
     -visceral layer

Question 10

parietal layer consists of ?

Answer 10

pericardial cavity- pericardial fluid

Question 11

visceral layer

aka?

Answer 11

epicardium

directly attached to organs

Question 12

fibrous pericardium

description? location? function (3)?

Answer 12

tough, non-elastic, dense irregular connective tissue
attaches to diaphragm
FUNCTION: -prevents overstretching of heart
-protection -anchors heart in cavity

Question 13

serous pericardium 
consists of (2)? location of both? contain? description?

Answer 13

parietal layer (outer)
-fused to fibrous pericardium
visceral layer
-tightly adhered to heart
-part of outer heart wall- epicardium 
     -pericardial cavity
          -pericardial fluid (serous fluid)
          -reduces friction as heart moves

Question 14

heart wall, how many layers?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 15

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 16

epicardium

location? made up of?

Answer 16

external (visceral layer)

• adipose & fibroelastic tissue
• blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, coronary arteries

Question 17

myocardium

location? made up of? job? description?

Answer 17

middle layer
-95% of heart wall
-cardiac muscle, pumping action
(thickest, actual heart muscle)

Question 18

endocardium

location? made up of? function?

Answer 18

internal layer
-thin layer endothelium & thin layer of connective
-provides smooth lining of chambers and
covers valves

Question 19

heart chambers

heart is enclosed in what?

Answer 19

heart enclosed in pericardium (protective sac)

Question 20

2 receiving chambers

Answer 20

right & left atria (plural for atrium)

Question 21

2 pumping chambers

Answer 21

right & left ventricles

Question 22

heart chambers

right vs left side what kind of blood?

Answer 22

right side deals w/ deoxygenated blood

left side takes care of oxygenated blood

Question 23

heart valves (2)?

Answer 23

atrioventricular (AV) valves

semilunar (SL) valves

Question 24

atrioventricular (AV) valves
function (2)? includes (2)? # for each?

Answer 24

separates atrium from ventricle
-tricuspid valve (right side)
     -3 flaps
-bicuspid/mitral valve (left side)
    -2 flaps
withstands high pressures from contracting ventricles

Question 25

semilunar (SL) valves | function? includes (2)? deals with?

Answer 25

separates ventricle from major artery (no strings attached) - pulmonary valve (right side) - aortic valve (left side) - deals w/ smaller volumes of blood - lowers blood pressure exerted on valves

Question 26

arteries | def? pulmonary arteries?

Answer 26

blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart | pulmonary arteries blue bc deoxygenated blood to lungs, red when come back

Question 27

veins

Answer 27

blood vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 28

how's blood supplied to the heart and how is it drained...into?

Answer 28

heart itself has blood supplied through coronary arteries from the aorta, & drains through coronary sinus into right atrium

Question 29

which valves have strings attached?

Answer 29

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 30

what does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?

Answer 30

prevents backflow of blood into right ventricle

Question 31

what does the tricuspid valve do?

Answer 31

prevents backflow of blood into right atrium

Question 32

what does the interventricular septum do?

Answer 32

separates the right & left ventricles of the heart

Question 33

what does the aortic semilunar valve do?

Answer 33

prevents backflow of blood into left ventricle

Question 34

what does the bicuspid (mitral) valve do?

Answer 34

prevents backflow of blood into left atrium

Question 35

what does the chordae tendineae do?

Answer 35

connects valves to papillary muscles

Question 36

what do the papillary muscles do?

Answer 36

prevent valve cusps from going into the atria

Question 37

what does the pericardium do?

Answer 37

pericardium covers and protects the heart

Question 38

right atrium receives ___ blood from the ____

Answer 38

oxygen-poor blood, body

Question 39

left atrium receives ____ blood from the ___

Answer 39

oxygen-rich blood, lungs

Question 40

left ventricle pumps ______ blood to the ____

Answer 40

oxygen-rich blood, body

Question 41

right ventricle pumps _____ blood to the ___

Answer 41

oxygen-poor blood, lungs

Question 42

order of heart layers from superficial to deep

Answer 42

fibrous pericardium parietal layer (of serous pericardium) (contains pericardial cavity) visceral layer/epicardium (of serous pericardium) myocardium (heart wall) endocardium

Question 43

what does the pericardial cavity reduce friction btwn?

Answer 43

btwn myocardium & pericardium

Question 44

what does the endocardium do?

Answer 44

lines the inner chambers of the heart

Question 45

what does the epicardium do?

Answer 45

thin outer layer of the heart (lines organ)

Question 46

cardiac cells in myocardium | description (3)? gap junctions?

Answer 46

often branched numerous, large mitochondria one large nucleus gap junctions allow ions to pass directly from 1 cell to another to propagate action potentials

Question 47

intercalated discs dealing w/ cardiac cells in myocardium

Answer 47

thickenings of plasma membrane where 2 cardiac cells come together, they hole the cells together and contain gap junctions

Question 48

what do coronary blood vessels (arteries, veins) supply and remove?

Answer 48

supply oxygen and nutrients to heart | remove carbon dioxide and other wastes

Question 49

Systemic circulation (circuit)

Answer 49

- where gas exchange occurs through tissues - carries blood to the body - involves Left side of heart

Question 50

Pulmonary circulation (circuit)

Answer 50

- where gas exchange occurs through lungs - carries blood to lungs - involves Right side of heart

Question 51

what's the function of the heart

Answer 51

pump blood

Question 52

arteries carry ____ blood, veins carry ____ blood

Answer 52

arteries carry oxygenated | veins carry deoxygenated

Question 53

compare right & left side of the heart

Answer 53

right side- deoxygenated blood & pulmonary circuit (involving pulmonary artery) left side- oxygenated blood & systemic circuit (involving aorta)

Question 54

heart is actually 2 pumps in 1 casing: right side= ___ pressure left side= ____ pressure

Answer 54

right- low pressure | left- high pressure