Digestive System Review

Question 1

2 main functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

1. Mechanical & chemical break down of food

2. Absorption of nutrients by cell membranes

Question 2

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, large & small intestines make up the ___ ____ of the digestive system

Answer 2

alimentary canal

Question 3

Alimentary canal aka?

Answer 3

GI tract

Question 4

The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are the ___ ___ of the digestive system

Answer 4

accessory organs

Question 5

The layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that is formed of epithelium and protects underlying tissue and allows absorption and secretion is the ___ layer

Answer 5

mucosa

Question 6

The layer of the alimentary canal that keeps the outer surface moist and slippery is the ___ layer

Answer 6

serosa

Question 7

The 2 basic types of movement of the alimentary canal are?

Answer 7

1. Propelling movements

2. Mixing movements

Question 8

The salivary glands that secrete amylase are the ___ glands

Answer 8

parotid

Question 9

There are ___ pairs of salivary glands

Answer 9

3

Question 10

When food enters the esophagus, it’s transported to the stomach by a movement called __

Answer 10

peristalsis

Question 11

The area of the stomach that acts as a temporary storage is the ___ region

Answer 11

Fundus

Question 12

The chief cells of the gastric glands secrete ___

Answer 12

pepsinogen

Question 13

The digestive enzyme pepsin secreted by the gastric glands begins the digestion of ___

Answer 13

protein (break down proteins)

Question 14

The semifluid paste formed in the stomach by mixing food and gastric secretions is called ___

Answer 14

chyme

Question 15

The type of food that stays the longest in the stomach are ___

Answer 15

fatty foods

Question 16

Pancreatic enzymes travel along the pancreatic duct and empty into the ____ of the small intestine.

Answer 16

duodenum

Question 17

The function of the gallbladder is to ________

Answer 17

store bile & release bile into small intestine through the common bile duct

Question 18

What is the function of bile?

Answer 18

Aid in fat digestion (breaks down fat into smaller globules)

Question 19

The large intestine secretes mainly ___

Answer 19

mucous

Question 20

The digestive function of the liver is to ___

Answer 20

produce bile to digest fats

Question 21

The most abundant substance in feces is ___

Answer 21

cellulose

Question 22

Salivary amylase

Answer 22

breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into disaccharides

Question 23

Lipase

Answer 23

breaks down fats (into fatty acids and glycerol)

Question 24

Pepsin

Answer 24

breaks down protein (into polypeptides (begins protein digestion))

Question 25

Trypsin

Answer 25

breaks down proteins (into polypeptides)

Question 26

Peptidase

Answer 26

breaks down peptides into amino acids

Question 27

Nuclease

Answer 27

breaks down nucleic acids

Question 28

Name 3 functions of the liver

Answer 28

1. Maintains carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms 2. Storage- glycogen, iron, vitamin A, D, K, & B12 3. Detoxification of blood (alcohol and drugs) 4. Blood filteration- phagocytizes RBC, WBC, some bacteria 5. Produces bile (bile salts)

Question 29

List, in order from pylorus to the colon, the 3 regions of the small intestine

Answer 29

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 30

List the 4 regions of the stomach

Answer 30

Cardia region Fundus region Body region Pyloric region

Question 31

Structure that hold together the small intestine from the posterior body wall

Answer 31

mesentary

Question 32

Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal wall that increase surface area for absorption

Answer 32

villi

Question 33

mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth & initiates swallowing

Answer 33

tongue

Question 34

conduit for both air & food

Answer 34

pharynx

Question 35

no digestive/absorptive function part of the alimentary canal

Answer 35

esophagus

Question 36

folds of the stomach lining

Answer 36

rugae

Question 37

'outpouchings' of the large intestine

Answer 37

haustra

Question 38

projections of the plasma membrane of the villi

Answer 38

microvilli

Question 39

primary region of food and water absorption

Answer 39

small intestine

Question 40

absorbs water and forms feces

Answer 40

large intestine

Question 41

wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum

Answer 41

appendix

Question 42

initiates protein digestion

Answer 42

stomach

Question 43

controls food movement from the stomach into the duodenum

Answer 43

pyloric sphincter

Question 44

region containing 2 sphincters through which feces are expelled

Answer 44

anus