Final 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the relationship with the parents like in middle childhood?

A

Gradually decline in time spent with parents. Gradual shift of control from parent to child.

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2
Q

What are important features of siblings?

A

Source of social support, rivalry, companionship and assistance.

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3
Q

Are only children advantageous in self-esteem and academic achievement?

A

Might be.

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4
Q

What are the types of families?

A

Traditional (less than 7%), gay and lesbian, single, divorced, blended, extended, one-child.

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5
Q

Are there differences for families with gay and lesbian parents?

A

Not much research, but what is there suggests that children do not differ in mental health, peer relations, gender identity etc. They may suffer from negative stereotypes.

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6
Q

Why are there single parents?

A

Never married, women in high status careers, ethnicity differences, low SES, no father involvement.

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7
Q

What is important to do with families with single parents?

A

Strengthen social support, education and employment oppurtunities.

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8
Q

Who has the highest international divorce rates?

A

U.S., U.K., Denmark, Germany.

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9
Q

Who has the lowest international divorce rates?

A

Italy, Spain, Australia

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10
Q

What percentage of people marry again after divorce?

A

2/3

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11
Q

What has been found with children who experience the end of their parents marriage?

A

Great individual differences in effects of divorce that ends in a struggle.

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12
Q

How do children react to divorce?

A

Most react with distress and anger due to disorganized and insecure life circumstances.

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13
Q

What percentage of children display severe responses to divorce?

A

20%-25%

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14
Q

What are important factors in divorce (on children)?

A

Pre existing coping strategies, temperament, attachment security, self esteem, social competence, emotional regulation, healthy contact with both parents

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15
Q

What are the immediate consequences of parental divorce?

A

Instability, conflict, drop in income, parental stress, disorganization.

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16
Q

What are long term consequences of parental divorce?

A

Improved adjustment after 2 years, boys and children with difficult temperaments are more likely to have problems, fathers involvement affects adjustment.

17
Q

How do young children typically react to divorce?

A

Blame themselves, and have more anxiety and fear.

18
Q

How do school age children react to divorce?

A

Strongly and are the angriest.

19
Q

How do children with difficult temperaments react to divorce?

A

Are often targets of parental anger and get neglected.

20
Q

In mother custody families, what is found in research about boys?

A

Boys are slightly more at risk for serious adjustment problems. Key is effective parenting.

21
Q

How are children from divorced families difference than non-divorced families? (Research findings)

A

Continue to score slightly lower than non-divorced in academics, self-esteem, social competence, emotional/behavioural adjustment

22
Q

The more parental contact and the warmer the relationship… the….?

A

The less children react with defiance and aggression.

23
Q

Remaining in high conflict but intact families _____ __ _____ than family transition.

A

Might be worse.

24
Q

How can we help families through divorce?

A

Divorce mediation, parent education programs, joint custody, child support, 2 households are not cheaper than 1.

25
Q

In blended families, mother-stepfather, how do the children react?

A

Most frequent, boys adjust quickly, girls adapt less favourably. Older children and adolescents of both sexes display more problems than non-step families.

26
Q

In blended families, father-stepmother, how do the children react?

A

Often leads to reduced father-child contact, children in fathers custody react negatively to stepmom, girls and stepmothers slow to get along with at first, but change to a more positive interaction later.