Post - Midterm 2 - 4

Question 1

In mathematical reasoning, what is ordinality?

Answer 1

Order relationships between quantities.

Question 2

In mathematical reasoning, what is cardinality?

Answer 2

Last number when counting is the total.

Question 3

What are the factors of early childhood mental development?

Answer 3

Home environment, quality of child care, television (educational TV)

Question 4

What are the types of preschool and kindergarten?

Answer 4

Child-centered programs, academic programs, montessori education.

Question 5

What are child-centered programs?

Answer 5

Teachers provide activities from which the children select and most of the day is devoted to play.

Question 6

What are academic programs?

Answer 6

Teachers structure children’s learning through formal lessons, often using repetitive drills (an approach that can undermine motivation)

Question 7

What is montessori education?

Answer 7

Child-Centered approach with equal emphasis on academic and social development.

Question 8

What are early interventions for at-risk preschoolers?

Answer 8

Project head start

Question 9

What is project head start?

Answer 9

Parent involvement essential

Question 10

What are the long-term benefits of the head start program?

Answer 10

Better early school achievement, less special education and grade retention, more high school graduation, college enrolment.

Question 11

At what age are advantages seen from head start programs?

Answer 11

Still evident at age 40.

Question 12

How do the jumpstart programs seem to work?

Answer 12

They provide extra enrichment.

Question 13

What program has the greater association for cognitive gains?

Answer 13

Centre-Based child care

Question 14

What is found when investigating high quality child cares?

Answer 14

The more time spend in high-quality child care centers, the less likely children were to display emotional and behavioural problems.

Question 15

What are signs of developmentally appropriate practice?

Answer 15

Physical setting, group size, caregiver-child ratio, daily activities, adult-child interactions, teacher qualifications, relationships with parents, licensing and accreditation.

Question 16

What are types of educational media?

Answer 16

Tv’s, computers

Question 17

__% of U.S. children have computers at home.

Answer 17

85%

Question 18

__% of 4-6 year olds have used a computer

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

What is the dominant form of youth media?

Answer 19

Tv

Question 20

What are features of vocabulary development in early childhood?

Answer 20

Fast-mapping, mutual exclusivity bias, syntactic bootstrapping, inventing own words.

Question 21

What is fast-mapping?

Answer 21

Children ability to connect new words with their underlying concepts after a brief encounter

Question 22

What is mutual exclusivity bias?

Answer 22

Early in vocabulary growth, childrens assumption that words refer to entirely separate categories

Question 23

What is syntactic bootstrapping?

Answer 23

Figuring out word meanings by observing how words are used in s syntax, or the structure of sentences

Question 24

What are the basic rules of grammar development in early childhood?

Answer 24

Overregulation: applying rules without appropriate exceptions.

Question 25

When do children master pragmatics? (conversation style - when to start a conversation, when to interrupt)

Answer 25

Around age 2. The presence of siblings helps, adapt language to social expectations by age 4. Telephone talk improves significantly from ages 4 to 8.

Question 26

How can you support language learning in early childhood?

Answer 26

Recasting and expanding.

Question 27

What is recasting?

Answer 27

Restructuring incorrect speech into correct form.

Question 28

What are expansions?

Answer 28

Elaborating on children speech.

Question 29

How can adults support language learning in early childhood?

Answer 29

Listening attentively, elaborating on what children say, modelling correct usage, stimulating children to talk further.