Helminth Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are roundworms, tapeworms, flukes called?
roundworms-nematodes
tapeworms-cestodes
flukes-trematodes
What are the nematodes that are transmitted fecal-oral?
EAT
Enterobius
Ascaris
Trichinella
What are the nematodes that are transmitted thru the feet/skin?
SANd
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
What is the med used to treat roundworm/nematode infections?
bendazoles
pyrantel pamoate
What are the important things to know about enterobius vermicularis?
nematode/roundworm pinworm fecal-oral anal pruritis see e.g. on the tape test
What are the important things to know about ascaris lumbricoides?
nematode/roundworm giant roundworm fecal-oral eggs visible in feces can cause intestinal obstruction goes thru lungs-->Loffler Eosinophilic Pneumonitis
What are the important things to know about trichinella spirals?
nematode/roundworm
fecal-oral
eat undercooked meat-pork & it goes into your meat/muscles!
goes into striated muscles, can see cysts
Trichinosis: N/V, fever, periorbital edema, myalgia
What are the important things to know about strongyloides stercoralis?
nematode/roundworm
penetrate feet thru skin
like a peptic ulcer-epigastric pain, diarrhea, vomiting
What are the important things to know about ancylostoma and necator infections?
nematode/roundworm
hookworms
penetrate skin of foot
hook onto intestines and suck blood from walls
What’s the deal with wuchereria bancrofti?
nematode
but not involved in GI
involved in lymph-causes elephantiasis or hydrocele
spread by female mosquito
treat w/ diethylcarbamazine
What’s the deal with onchocerca volvulus?
female blackfly bite
black flies, black skin nodules, black sight
hyper pigmented skin
river blindness
use ivermectin
What’s the deal with loa loa?
swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva
spread by deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
treat w/ diethylcarbamazine
What’s the deal with toxocarna canis?
fecal-oral
visceral larva migrans
treated w/ bendazoles
What are the cestodes/tapeworms?
Taenia Solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus Granulosus
What are the cestodes/tapeworms treated with?
praziquantel
What are the important things to know about taenia solum?
ingest larvae in undercooked pork–>intestinal infection
OR ingest eggs–>cysticercosis (muscles, myositis) OR neurocysticercosis
You have an immigrant who has new onset CNS symptoms?
neurocysticercosis
What are the important things to know about diphyllobothrium latum?
eat larvae from raw freshwater fish
get VitB12 deficiency–>megaloblastic anemia
What are the important things to know about echinococcus granulosus?
dog tapeworm
eat eggs from dog feces
hyatid cysts in liver
can get anaphylaxis if contents released
What are the trematodes/flukes?
Schistosoma: mansoni, hematobium
Clonorchis sinensis
What are the important things to know about schistosoma?
snails are host
cercariae penetrate skin
associated w/ swimmer’s itch
S. mansoni: LIVER and SPLEEN enlarge. Invades mesenteric vessels. It has a lateral spine.
S. hematobium: URINARY TRACT. squamous cell carcinoma of bladder. hematuria. Egg has terminal spine.
What are the important things to know about clonorchis sinensis?
comes from undercooked fish
liver fluke!
biliary tract inflammation–>pigmented gallstones
associated w/ cholangiosarcoma
What are the important things to know about paragonimus westermani?
adult fluke in lung
chronic bronchitis
hemoptysis
**praziquantel
Egyptian immigrant w/ hematuria?
squamous cell carcinoma
schistosoma hematobium
