Lecture 3: Histology 2 (Chamier/Baekey) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 3: Histology 2 (Chamier/Baekey) Deck (40)
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1
Q

6 surface area modifications of the small intestine

A
  1. length and convolution
  2. plicae circulares
  3. villi and crypts
  4. epithelial cells on surface of villi
  5. microvilli project from epithelial cells
  6. polysaccharides of membrane glycoproteins
2
Q

Which parts of the small intestine are plicated?

A

duodenum and jejunum

3
Q

which tunic layers comprise the plicae circularis?

A

tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa

4
Q

which tunic layers comprise the villi and crypts of the small intestine?

A

tunica mucosa

5
Q

what structures lie within the villi and crypts of the small intestine?

A

veins, arteries, lacteals, and lymphatics

6
Q

fx of microvilli

A

greatly increase the surface area of small intestine lining cells. Uses glycocalyx to increase adsorption of pancreatic enzymes and enhance digestion and absorption at the cell surface

7
Q

what are enterocytes?

A

lining cells of small intestine surface mucosa

8
Q

GALT =

A

gut associated lymphoid tissue. Contains migrating lymphocytes and is a major component of the immune system

9
Q

What type of cells reside in the surface mucosa of the small intestine?

A
  • lining cells/enterocytes
  • goblet cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
10
Q

What type of cells reside in the crypts of lieberkuhn of the small intestine?

A
  • lining cells
  • goblet cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
  • paneth cells
  • basal cells
11
Q

fx of paneth cells

A

are filled with granule cells that may have antimicrobial properties

12
Q

what are peyer’s patches?

A

large lymphoid aggregations in the intestine. Most prominent in the ileum. Are GALT

13
Q

T or F: paneth cells do not migrate

A

T

14
Q

T or F: small intestine has greater capacity than large intestine to repair itself

A

T

15
Q

main functions of large intestine

A
  • microbial activity (mainly in the cecum)
  • absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamins (mainly in the colon)
  • secretion of lubricating mucus
  • peristalsis
16
Q

peristalsis is important for:

A

mixing and propulsion of ingesta from the body

17
Q

surface area is increased in the large intestine via

A

longitudinal plications (small intestine uses mainly circular folds)

18
Q

T or F: small intestine has greater blood supply than large intestine

A

T

19
Q

fxs of hepatocytes

A

1) secrete bile salts/acids, excrete bile pigments
2) synthesize sugars, plasma proteins, clotting factors, lipids, urea, ketone bodies
3) store lipids, vitamins, glycogen
4) transform toxins, drugs, hormones
5) metabolize lipids, proteins, carbs

20
Q

how do bile salts travel from central vein of hepatocyte to the bile duct?

A

via bile canaliculi

21
Q

Describe the organization of hepatocytes

A

Plates of hepatocytes are arranged in radial patterns, are surrounded by interlobular connective tissue, and are separated by sinusoids.

  • central vein in the center of each plate
  • portal triads in the interlobular connective tissue
  • 1 hepatocyte is assoc. with multiple sinusoids and canaliculi*
22
Q

what are the 3 components of a portal triad?

A

interlobular bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal v.

23
Q

importance of hepatic artery with respect to hepatic vasculature

A
  • supplies O2 and metabolic substrates

- supplies 1/5 of the sinusoidal volume

24
Q

importance of hepatic portal v. with respect to hepatic vasculature

A
  • brings substances from small intestine and spleen

- supplies 4/5 of the sinusoidal volume

25
Q

drainage pathway from central vein to hepatic veins

A

central v. –> sinusoids –> sublobar vv. –> hepatic vv.

26
Q

main fxs of the gallbladder

A

storage, concentration, and acidification

27
Q

type of epithelium of tunica mucosa of gall bladder

A

simple columnar

28
Q

tunica muscularis of gall bladder has smooth or striated m.?

A

smooth

29
Q

pathway of bile from bile canaliculi to duodenum or gall bladder

A

bile canaliculi –> biliary ductules –> interlobar bile ducts –> intrahepatic ducts –> hepatic ducts –> cystic ducts –> gall bladder OR bile duct –> duodenum

30
Q

cell types of the pancreas

A
  • serous acinar cells
  • centroacinar cells
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • goblet cells
31
Q

fx of serous acinar cells in the pancreas

A

secrete zymogen granules containing enzymes that are released into the duct system

32
Q

fx of centroacinar cells in the pancreas

A

line acinus/adenomeres (collections of acinar cells that secrete into a common intralobular duct)

33
Q

fx of cuboidal epithelium in the pancreas

A

lines intralobular and interlobular secretory ducts

34
Q

fx of crop

A

An esophageal diverticulum that is used for storage of feed, and later regurgitation to young. Lies before the thoracic inlet

35
Q

what is a proventriculus?

A

a bird’s “stomach.” Undergoes acidic and enzymatic digestion

36
Q

the ventriculus includes what structure in birds?

A

the gizzard

37
Q

the cloaca is a common opening for:

A
  • GI
  • urinary
  • genital
  • Bursa of Fabricius (organ involved in hematopoiesis)
38
Q

vent

A

outer opening of the cloaca

39
Q

koilin

A

a carb-protein complex that lines and protects the muscles of the gizzard

40
Q

T or F: the cecum is paired in birds

A

T

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