Lab 4: Abdomen Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lab 4: Abdomen Deck (24)
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1
Q

what are the 4 muscles and 2 sheets of strong fascia that, along with skin, make up the abdominal wall and support the heavy abdominal viscera?

A
  1. external abdominal oblique
  2. internal abdominal oblique
  3. rectus abdominis
  4. transversus abdominis

1 & 2: the external lamina of the rectus sheath made up of the aponeurotic tendons of the internal and external abdominal oblique muscles

2
Q

origin and insertion of the external abdominal obliques

A

origin: the ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
inserts: tuber coxae, linea alba and the iliac fascia

3
Q

what covers the external abdominal oblique?

A

abdominal tunic

4
Q

origin and insertion of the internal abdominal oblique

A

origin: tuber coxae and inguinal ligament
insertion: costal cartilages and the rib of T18

5
Q

what is located in the paralumbar fossa? (2 distinct structures)

A
  1. branches of spinal nerves T18 - L2 running over the internal abdominal oblique
  2. branches of the deep circumflex iliac artery running over the transversus abdominis
6
Q

what organs are seen on the right aspect of the horse? (5 organs)

A
  1. cecum
  2. dorsal ascending colon (aka dorsal large colon)
  3. ventral ascending colon (aka ventral large colon)
  4. right kidney
  5. liver
7
Q

what organs are seen on the left aspect of the horse (4 organs)

A
  1. spleen
  2. stomach
  3. left kidney
  4. jejunum
8
Q

how is the descending duodenum secured in the abdomen?

A

it is suspended by the mesoduodenum

9
Q

what are the two types of coiled intestine on the left side and what are there descriptions?

A
  1. jejunum - coiled, small diameter

2. descending (small) colon - thicker, with a whitish longitudinal band

10
Q

what are the 3 divisions that make up the cecum?

A
  1. base - located dorsally
  2. body - comma-shaped
  3. apex
11
Q

how is the ileum differentiated from the jejunum?

A

the ileum is whitish and paler in color than the jejunum and has a firmer wall

12
Q

what connects the ileum to the cecum?

A

the ileocecal fold

13
Q

what connects the cecum to the right ventral colon?

A

the cecocolic fold

14
Q

what is another name for the ascending colon?

A

the large colon

15
Q

what are the 4 parts of the large colon?

A
  1. the right ventral colon
  2. the left ventral colon
  3. the left dorsal colon
  4. the right dorsal colon
16
Q

which part of the large colon is identified by its many sacculations?

A

the left and right ventral colon

17
Q

which part of the large colon is identified by its smooth surface?

A

the right and left dorsal colon

18
Q

what does the pelvic flexure connect? and what is its clinical significance?

A

the pelvic flexure connects the left ventral colon to the left dorsal colon.
it is a point of constriction which is a major cause of obstruction and subsequently colic.

19
Q

where is the transvere colon located within the abdomen?

A

midline just cranial to the root of the mesentary

20
Q

how is the descending colon (aka small colon) suspended in the abdomen?

A

it is suspended by the mesocolon

21
Q

when does the small colon become the rectum?

A

after it passes through the pelvic inlet the small colon becomes the rectum

22
Q

what connects the proximal end of the descending colon to the distal end of the duodenum?

A

the duodenocolic fold

23
Q

what is the significance of the duodenocolic fold?

A

it is important for proper identification of intestinal segments during surgery

24
Q

what structures can be palpated per rectum?

A
  1. pelvic flexure
  2. large colon
  3. distal small colon
  4. left kidney
  5. root of the mesentary
  6. cecum

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