Respiration Lecture 15: Histology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Respiration Lecture 15: Histology Deck (44)
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1
Q

respiratory tract

A

tubular system that extends from nares to lungs

2
Q

Functions of resp. tract

A

1) warm/moisten air
2) detect odorant molecules
3) conduct air to lungs
4) gas exchange with blood
5) minimize entry of ingested food and fluid
6) produce vocalizations
7) trap/eliminate foreign particles
8) combat microbes

3
Q

Type of epithelium in vestibular region

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

4
Q

2 types of epithelium in respiratory region

A

respiratory + olfactory ep.

5
Q

4 main components of nasal cavity

A

1) vestibular region
2) respiratory region
3) paranasal sinuses
4) vomeronasal organs

6
Q

philtrum

A

area between nostril and mouth

7
Q

respiratory epithelium =

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

8
Q

4 main cell types found in resp. ep.

A

goblet, ciliated, basal, and brush cells

9
Q

olfactory epithelium =

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

10
Q

3 main cell types found in olfactory ep.

A

sustentacular, olfactory, and basal cells. NO GOBLET CELLS

11
Q

where are Bowman’s glands found and what do they do?

A

Beneath olfactory epithelium; secretion dissolves odor-producing substances

12
Q

Paranasal sinuses fx

A

provide thermal and mechanical protection to orbits, nasal and cranial cavities; add resonance to vocalizations

13
Q

T or F: pig has more extensive paranasal sinus than dog

A

T

14
Q

What is paranasal sinus lined by?

A

Resp. ep.

15
Q

What is vomeronasal organ lined by?

A

Resp. and Olf. ep., cartilage

16
Q

vomeronasal organ fx

A

detect pheromones involved in social and mating behaviors

17
Q

What is nasopharynx lined by?

A

resp. ep. (pseudostratified ciliated columbar ep.) Is around the soft palate

18
Q

What is larynx lined by?

A

stratified squamous and resp. ep.

19
Q

Epiglottis is lined by:

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that interdigitates with the lamina propria

20
Q

Epithelium in trachea

A

respiratory ep.

21
Q

where is trachealis m. in dog vs. ox?

A

dog-outside smooth muscle ring; ox-inside ring

22
Q

Tunic layers from inside to outside of tubular organ (4)

A

1) Tunica mucosa (lines lumen)
2) Tunica submucosa (often contains glands)
3) Tunica muscularis
4) Tunica serosa or adventitia

23
Q

Main secretory cell type in tracheal epithelum of domestic mammals

A

goblet cells

24
Q

lamina muscularis mucosae in trachea contains

A

elastic fibers

25
Q

muscularis externa in trachea contains

A

joining of trachealis m. and cartilage

26
Q

conducting airways of bronchial tree

A

trachea + extrapulmonary bronchus

27
Q

transitional/respiratory bronchioles

A

char. by direct attachment of alveoli; not present in all species. Between terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Participate in gas exchange

28
Q

Granular (Type II Pneumonocytes)

A

Thicker and less numerous than Type I. Secrete surfactant. Aka septal cells

29
Q

Membranous (Type I) pneumonocytes

A

squamous cells that line alveolar wall. Thin cells, where gas exchange takes place. Surround capillaries

30
Q

2 kinds of macrophages in lung tissue

A

septal (remains w/n connective tissue septa) and alveolar (on alveolar lining, or free in lumen). Scavenge for particulates and move them upward and out via cilia

31
Q

Passage of air from bronchiole to alveoli

A

bronchiole –>alveolar duct –>atrium –> alveoli

32
Q

air-blood barrier components

A

1) surfactant
2) alveolar membrane
3) interstitial fluid
4) basal laminae of pneumonocyte and enothelium
5) endothelial cell
6) blood plasma
7) red blood cell

33
Q

what does bronchial artery supply?

A

resp. structures

34
Q

What vessels supply gas exchange system?

A

pulmonary a., alveolar capillaries, pulmonary vein

35
Q

What innervates resp. system?

A

Parasympathetic –> vagus (bronchoconstriction)

Sympathetic –> T2-T4 (bronchodilation)

36
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

lungs collapse and fail to expand

37
Q

Immotile cilia (Kartagener’s) syndrome

A

leads to chronic resp. infections

38
Q

Tracheal hypoplasia

A

narrowed airway due to abnormal devel. of cartilage rings

39
Q

T or F: avian hyaline cartilage rings are complete

A

T

40
Q

Which components of avian resp. system are lined with resp. epithelium?

A

Trachea primary bronchi, mesobronchus

41
Q

Where is lymphatic tissue located in resp. system of birds?

A

lamina propria of bronchi

42
Q

avian ventilation circuit

A

bronchus –> caudal sac –> lung –> cranial sac –> out

43
Q

Syrinx

A

where trachea forks into lungs in birds. Where sound is produced via vibrations of typmaniform membrane and pessulus

44
Q

theory of gastric CO2 prod. and ventilation

A

during resp. acidosis, excess CO2 travels from gastric artery to stomach and out esophagus

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