Flashcards in Respiration Lecture 15: Histology Deck (44):
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respiratory tract
tubular system that extends from nares to lungs
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Functions of resp. tract
1) warm/moisten air
2) detect odorant molecules
3) conduct air to lungs
4) gas exchange with blood
5) minimize entry of ingested food and fluid
6) produce vocalizations
7) trap/eliminate foreign particles
8)combat microbes
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Type of epithelium in vestibular region
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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2 types of epithelium in respiratory region
respiratory + olfactory ep.
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4 main components of nasal cavity
1) vestibular region
2) respiratory region
3) paranasal sinuses
4) vomeronasal organs
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philtrum
area between nostril and mouth
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respiratory epithelium =
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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4 main cell types found in resp. ep.
goblet, ciliated, basal, and brush cells
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olfactory epithelium =
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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3 main cell types found in olfactory ep.
sustentacular, olfactory, and basal cells. NO GOBLET CELLS
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where are Bowman's glands found and what do they do?
Beneath olfactory epithelium; secretion dissolves odor-producing substances
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Paranasal sinuses fx
provide thermal and mechanical protection to orbits, nasal and cranial cavities; add resonance to vocalizations
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T or F: pig has more extensive paranasal sinus than dog
T
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What is paranasal sinus lined by?
Resp. ep.
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What is vomeronasal organ lined by?
Resp. and Olf. ep., cartilage
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vomeronasal organ fx
detect pheromones involved in social and mating behaviors
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What is nasopharynx lined by?
resp. ep. (pseudostratified ciliated columbar ep.) Is around the soft palate
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What is larynx lined by?
stratified squamous and resp. ep.
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Epiglottis is lined by:
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that interdigitates with the lamina propria
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Epithelium in trachea
respiratory ep.
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where is trachealis m. in dog vs. ox?
dog-outside smooth muscle ring; ox-inside ring
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Tunic layers from inside to outside of tubular organ (4)
1)Tunica mucosa (lines lumen)
2)Tunica submucosa (often contains glands)
3)Tunica muscularis
4) Tunica serosa or adventitia
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Main secretory cell type in tracheal epithelum of domestic mammals
goblet cells
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lamina muscularis mucosae in trachea contains
elastic fibers
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muscularis externa in trachea contains
joining of trachealis m. and cartilage
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conducting airways of bronchial tree
trachea + extrapulmonary bronchus
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transitional/respiratory bronchioles
char. by direct attachment of alveoli; not present in all species. Between terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Participate in gas exchange
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Granular (Type II Pneumonocytes)
Thicker and less numerous than Type I. Secrete surfactant. Aka septal cells
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Membranous (Type I) pneumonocytes
squamous cells that line alveolar wall. Thin cells, where gas exchange takes place. Surround capillaries
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2 kinds of macrophages in lung tissue
septal (remains w/n connective tissue septa) and alveolar (on alveolar lining, or free in lumen). Scavenge for particulates and move them upward and out via cilia
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Passage of air from bronchiole to alveoli
bronchiole -->alveolar duct -->atrium --> alveoli
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air-blood barrier components
1)surfactant
2)alveolar membrane
3)interstitial fluid
4)basal laminae of pneumonocyte and enothelium
5)endothelial cell
6)blood plasma
7)red blood cell
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what does bronchial artery supply?
resp. structures
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What vessels supply gas exchange system?
pulmonary a., alveolar capillaries, pulmonary vein
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What innervates resp. system?
Parasympathetic --> vagus (bronchoconstriction)
Sympathetic --> T2-T4 (bronchodilation)
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respiratory distress syndrome
lungs collapse and fail to expand
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Immotile cilia (Kartagener's) syndrome
leads to chronic resp. infections
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Tracheal hypoplasia
narrowed airway due to abnormal devel. of cartilage rings
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T or F: avian hyaline cartilage rings are complete
T
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Which components of avian resp. system are lined with resp. epithelium?
Trachea primary bronchi, mesobronchus
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Where is lymphatic tissue located in resp. system of birds?
lamina propria of bronchi
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avian ventilation circuit
bronchus --> caudal sac --> lung --> cranial sac --> out
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Syrinx
where trachea forks into lungs in birds. Where sound is produced via vibrations of typmaniform membrane and pessulus
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