Lecture 10: Pregnancy recognition (Pozor) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 10: Pregnancy recognition (Pozor) Deck (22)
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0
Q

what is a single-celled embryo called?

A

zygote

1
Q

mechanisms necessary to establish pregnancy (7)

A
  1. successful fertilization
  2. cleavage - forming an embryo
  3. “descent” of an embryo to the uterus
  4. maternal recognition of pregnancy
  5. implantation
  6. organogenesis and growth
  7. placentation
2
Q

what is the conceptus called during early embryonic stage?

A

embryo

3
Q

what is the conceptus called during the pre-implantation stage?

A

embryo proper and extraembryonic membranes

4
Q

what is the conceptus called during the post-implantation phase

A

fetus and placenta

5
Q

definition of embryo

A

it has not acquired an anatomical form which is readily recognizable in appearance as a member of the specific species

6
Q

definition of a fetus

A

a potential offspring that is still within the uterus, but is generally recognizable as a member of a given species

7
Q

when does maternal recognition of pregnancy typically occur?

A

10 - 16 days post ovulation

8
Q

what is the vital part of maternal recognition of pregnancy

A

the conceptus must provide a timely biochemical signal or a pregnancy will terminate

9
Q

effect of prostaglandin (PGF2-alpha) duringluetolysis in the ruminant

A
  • its responsible for luteolysis
  • and supplied by endometrium
  • necessary factors: oxytocin receptors on endometrial cells, synthesis and release of luteal oxytocin from the ovary
10
Q

where oxytocin binding receptors located in the ruminant?

A

in the uterus

11
Q

what is the effect of estrogen during luteolysis in the ruminant?

A

estrogen upregulates oxytocin receptor synthesis

12
Q

what is the effect of progesterone in early diestrous on oxytocin receptors in the ruminant?

A

it prevents oxytocin receptor synthesis

13
Q

what is the effect of progesterone in LATE diestrus on oxytocin receptor synthesis in the ruminant?

A

progesterone loses the ability to block oxytocin receptor synthesis in late diestrus

14
Q

what is the effect of oxytocin binding to its receptor during late diestrus in the ruminant

A

it stimulates prostaglandin release which ultimately causes the CL to lyse

15
Q

what secretes prostaglandin?

A

endometrial cells

16
Q

how does prostaglandin reach the ovary to lyse the CL?

A
  • delivered to the ovary via the ovarian artery
    via:
    countercurrent exchange mechanism: cow, ewe, sow
    systemic circulation: mare
17
Q

Interferon properties (4)

A
  1. antiviral
  2. antiproliferative
  3. immunomodulatory
  4. antiluteolytic
18
Q

effect of INF-tau in the ruminant

A

decreases estrogen receptors - suppression of estrogen driven up-regulation of oxytocin receptors

19
Q

how is luteolysis blocked in swine?

A
  1. blastocyst - produces estradiol
  2. estradiol causes rerouting of PGF2alpha
  3. PGF2alpha is secreted into the uterine lumen and is destroyed
  4. luteolysis does not occur

sufficient number of conceptuses (2 per horn) are necessary to block luteolysis!!

20
Q

how is luteolysis blocked in the mare?

A

embryonic mobility is necessary (up to 14 days after ovulation)

  • no interferon-like factors involved
  • equine embryo synthesizes and releases various facotrs
  • oxytocin receptors greatly suppressed - similar as in ruminants
21
Q

maternal recognition in the bitch and queen unique

A

NO SIGNAL is needed for pregnancy recognition in the bitch or in the queen.
- the CL is maintained for the duration of normal gestation regardless of pregnancy status

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