Flashcards in MICRO Deck (312):
1
what is the aniline dye used in acid fast stain to identify mycoplasma
carbolfuchsin
2
what is stained in an acid fast stain
mycolic acid
3
what does IFN-g do
it activates macrophages and causes the differention of helper t cells
4
IFN-g is produced by
activated t lymphocytes and NK cells
5
IFN-g release assy test for what
latent TB
6
IFN-g test what kind of immune response
cell mediated
7
what does elevated lactate DH mean
that there is cell damage or tissue damage, it is also high when bacteria is present
also seen when there is hemolytic anemia
8
due to the immune response seen when someone has mycoplasma what can happen
the patient can have hemolytic anemia because the antigens on the bacteria are the same as the ones on the red blood cells ( production of cold agglutinins IgM)
9
what is shown on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium supplemented with L-cystene and iron
Legionella
10
silver stains improve the visualization of what organism
Legionella
11
ETEC causes battery diarrhea in
travelers and kids
12
The LT enterotoxin in ETEC is similar to what
Cholera Like Toxin
13
what ETEC toxin increases cAMP by stimulating Gs
LT
14
what ETEC toxin increases cGMP in the apical membranes of the host gut mucosa
ST
15
what inhibits the 60s subunits in human cells and inhibits the human cell protein production and causes death
Shigga Toxin (EHEC)
16
stacked brick intestinal adhesion is characteristic of what bacteria
EAEC enteroaggregative e.coli
17
aspergliomas usually occur in what lung lobe
the upper one
18
thick walled spherules packed with endospores is indicative of
Coccidies immitis
19
agar for Cocciodies Immitis
Sabourad Agar
20
small oval yeast inside macrophages is seen in ( smaller then an RBC)
Histoplasma
21
ribbon like hyphae with rare separations . wide angles
Rhizupus
22
spiral shaped gram - spirochete
T. Palladium ( so thin it cannot be seen on gram stain)
23
what test is used to see t. palladium
dark field light microscopy
24
painful ulcer (chancroid) with regional lymphadenopathy is seen in what bacteria
Haemophillus Ducreyi
25
hematin ( factor X) is on a medium that test for
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26
retro-orbital pain, epistaxis, melena, headache, joint and muscle pain and fever are signs of
dengue Fever
27
aedes mosquito causes what two thing
Chickungunya and Dengue Fever
28
partially ds circular DNA molecule in a capsid
HEP B
29
oxidase positive non lactose fermenting gram negative rod that causes UTI in patients with indwelling catheters
pseudommonas
30
lactose fermenting gram negative rod that causes UTI
e. Coli
31
intrabdominal bacterial infections are caused by
E. Coli and Bacteroidis Frigalis
32
non lactose fermenting
oxidase negative
motile organisms that causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients is
Salmonella
33
main virulence factor for S. Aureus osteomyletiits
adhesion to collagen
34
latex agglutinin text shows polysaccharide capsule in what bacteria
Cryptococcus neoformans
35
transmission of Giardia
fecal oral
36
cyst get transmitted fecal orally in what parasite
giardia
37
giardia is associated with
campers and hikers who don't purify their water
38
flatulence, foul smelling diarrhea and steatohrrea is seen in
giardia
39
why does giardia cause fatty poo
it stimulates mucos production so nothing can be absorbed in the gut
40
trophozoites that attach but don't invade the intestinal wall is seen in
giardia
41
finding trophozoites in the stool (stool O and P test) is seen in
giardia
42
Elisa stool antigen test diagnoses what
giardia
43
treat giardiasis
metronidazole
44
two life cycle stages of entamoeba histolytic
cyst form- infection ( contaminated water)
trophozoites- invades colon and goes through portal circulation and affect the liver
45
most common site of liver abscess in entamoeba histolytic
right lobe
46
Amebeosis is caused by
entamoeba histolytic
47
anchovy paste pus in the liver abscess is associate with what parasite
entamoeba histolytic
48
intestinal amebiasis. flask shaped ulcers in the colon is caused by
entamoeba histolytic
49
entamoeba histolytic causes what kind of diarrhea
bloody
50
presence of trophozoites that contain endocytosed RBC is seen in
entamoeba histolytic
51
drug that treats entamoeba histolytic
metronidazole
52
drugs the eliminate cyst in the lumen of the intestine in entamoeba histolytic "luminal agents"
paramycin
iodoquinol
53
if there is a liver mass that doesn't need to be drained or surgically removed what is it caused by
entamoeba histolytic
54
cryptosporidum causes what in immune compromised patients (HIV+)
severe diarrhea
55
in immunocompetent patients cryptosporidum cause
mild diarrhea
56
unicellular partially acid fast organisms that creat oocytes that are released in poo and can be transmitted fecal orally ?
cryptosporidum
57
who is at risk for cryptosporidum
people who swim in dirty water
campers
people who work with animals
58
only parasite that stain acid fast
cryptosporidum
59
infectious cyst that are passed through watery stool is seen in
giardia and cryptosporidum
60
cysts that are made of 4 motile sporozoites that attach to the intestinal wall and cause diarrhea is seen in
cryptosporidum
61
tx for cryptosporidum
nitazoxanide in an immunocompetent host
spiramycin (macrolide)-not FDA approved in the US
62
intracellular parasitic protozoan that can affect any warm blooded animal is?
toxoplasma gondii
63
ways toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted
- eating undercooked meat that has too tissue cyst
- eating water or veggies that have oocytes from infected animals poo
- through placenta
64
toxoplasma gondii has what in cat poo
oocytes
65
brain accesses in immunocompromised that are ring enhancing lesions on CT or MRI is seen in
toxoplasma gondii
66
how to differentiate lymphoma from toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasma encephalitis)
biopsy of the brain
67
triad in congenital toxoplasma gondii
- intracranial calcification
-hydrocephalus
-chorioretinits
68
babies with toxoplasma gondii can become
death
69
tx for toxoplasma gondii
pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
70
when to start prophylaxis for toxoplasma gondii who have IgG antibodies to it
when CD4 is
71
what causes african sleeping sickness
trypanosome bruce gambiense and rhodesiense
72
Painful bite of Testes Fly is from what parasite
trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
73
after biting these parasites move from the blood to the lymph nodes ( cerivical and axillary)
trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
74
undulating recurrent fevers and sleepiness is
trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
75
trypomastigotes seen on blood smear?
trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
76
motile parasites with a single flagella
trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
77
treatment for trypanosome brucei gambiense and rhodesiense
suramin ( blood infection) and melarsoprol (CNS infection)
78
swimming in fresh water lakes can transmit
naegleria Fowleri
79
meningoencephalitis due to swimming in fresh water lakes that is rapidly fatal is seen from
naegleria Fowleri
80
bacteria associated with swimmin in fresh water
leptospirosis
81
enter way for naegleria Fowleri
cribriform plate
82
rare source of naegleria Fowleri
contact lenses solution and nasal irrigation systems
83
CSF with amoebas when a patient presents with fever, headache and nuchal rigidity
naegleria Fowleri
84
treatment for naegleria Fowleri
amphoteericin B
85
trypanosoma cruzi causes
Chugs disease
86
Reduvide bug that deposits poo into the wind is the vector for
chagas disease
87
what are the symptoms of Chagas Disease
1. Megacolon
2. Megaesophagus
3. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
88
virus that cause dilated cardiomyopathy
cocsackie
89
how to diagnose trypanosoma cruzi
blood smear ( see motile trypanosomes during active infection)
90
in chronic chugs how do you diagnose
serology and clinical symptoms
91
bug that burrows into the endocardium when it gets into system
reduvide bug
92
tx for chagas
nifurtimox
93
malaria like symptoms and even death can be caused by
Babesia
94
-hemolytic anemia
-hemoglobinuria
-jaundice
due to (deer tick) ixodes tick
Babesia
95
where is Babesia common
northeast america
96
irregular cycling fevers is seen in
Babesia
97
higher risk of Babesiain what disease
sickle cell patients from autospleenectomy
98
how to diagnose Babesia
on blood smear, the presence of a maltese cross
99
tetrode of trophozoites is seen in
Babesia (maltese cross)
100
tx for Babesia
Atovaquone and Azithryomycin
101
Geimsa stain and blood smear are done to determine
malaria
102
fever occurs on day one and then on day four malaria "quartent fever"
Plasmodium malariae
103
produce dormant forms in the liver called hypnozoites type of malaria
Plasmodium vivax and ovale
104
fever on first day and then on the third day malaria
Plasmodium vivax and ovale
105
causes the worst malaria illness
Plasmodium falciparum
106
fever that is irregular in malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
107
RBC with parasites occlude the capillaries in the brain ( confusion)and the vessels that lead to the kidney and the lungs malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
108
malaria the is banana shaped in the peripheral blood smear
Plasmodium falciparum
109
works by blocking plasmodium heme polymerase
chloroquine
110
primaquine is aded to malaria treatment to destroy what
hypnozoites in the liver of Plasmodium vivax and ovale
111
be careful to give what drug to a patient with malaria so you do not cause severe anemia?!
primaquine
112
what drug is given because of resistance to chloroquine
mefloquine
113
prophylactic medicine to prevent getting malaria
mefloquine
114
combination of atovaquone and proguanil is a good treatment for
malaria ( or for prophylaxis)
115
p falciparum is treated by
artemisins
atovoquonw/proguanil
116
Artesunate is to treat
severe malaria
117
quinidine treats really sever
malaria (resistant species)
118
UDE of quinidine
cinchonism ( headache and tinnitus)
119
rupture of hepatocytes with the release of merozoites and go into red blood cell
malaria
120
Leishmania brazilinesis causes
cutaneous leishmaniasis
121
sand fly is the vector for
Leishmania brazilinesis
122
amastigote is the intracellular form seen in macrophages and is a sign of
Leishmania brazilinesis
123
Leishmania donovani causes
visceral Leishmaniasis "black fever"
124
when bone marrow is infected Leishmania causes
pancytopenia
125
viceral Lesmaria affects what organs
liver and spleen
126
tx for Leishmania (cutaneous)
stibugluconate
127
what is the treatment for visceral Leshmanias
amphotericin B
128
strawberry cerix inflammation is a sign of
trichomonas vaginalis
129
burning
itching
malodorous yellow/green discharge
trichomonas vaginalis
130
wet mount that shows trophozoites that are motile
trichomonas vaginalis
131
wet mount for gardnirella will show
clue cells
132
ph of vaginal fluid in trichomonas vaginalis is
>4.5
133
ph of vagina in Gardnerella
> 4.5
134
candida ph of the vagina
135
tx for trichomonas vaginalis
treat their partner as well
- Metronidazole
136
Enterobius vermicularis is also known as
pinworm
137
at night the female worms migrate to the anus and lay their eggs in what nematode
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
138
transmission of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
fecal-oral route
139
treatment for Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
pyrantal pamoate and Bendazoles
140
Ancylostoma and Necator hook worms found where
rural southern US
141
how to get infected with Ancylostoma and Necator
walking barefoot
142
hookworm that comes through foot, then into the lungs, coughed up and then into the small intestine is seen in
Ancylostoma and Necator
143
nematodes that attach to gut wall that can cause severe iron deficiency anemia is seen in
Ancylostoma and Necator
144
high eosinophil count and eggs in poo are seen in
Ancylostoma and Necator
145
tx for Ancylostoma and Necator
albendazole and pyrantel pamoate
- wear shoes
146
Ascaris Lumbricoides transmission
eating eggs in contaminated food or water
147
large nematode go into capillary and alveoli, ascend to the bronchus and them move to small intestine is seen in
Ascaris Lumbricoides
148
worm most likely to cause respiratory symptoms
Ascaris Lumbricoides
149
major complication of Ascaris Lumbricoides
intestinal obstruction at the ideal cecal valve
150
how to diagnose Ascaris Lumbricoides
eggs in the poo and high eosinophil count
151
how to treat Ascaris Lumbricoides
albendazole
152
how does albendazole work
destroys microtubule function and stops the worms from moving
153
how do strongoloyides get into the body
through the feet ( climbs bronchial tree and gets swallowed)
154
what do strongoloyides do in the intestinal wall
they lay eggs that hatch, break through and re infect the blood
155
treatment for strongyloides
albendazole and ivermectin
156
trichinella spiralis is found where
in undercooked meat
157
what does trichinella spirals cause
fever
vomiting
periorbital edema
severe myalgia
158
cyst within striated muscle cells is seen in
trichinella spiralis
159
treatment for trichinella spirals
albendazole
160
Dracunculus Medinensis infection occurs how
drinking contaminated water that has copepods in it
161
adult females emerge from painful ulcer in the skin, the doctor gets the worm out by twisting the worm around a stick slowly to get it out
Dracunculus Medinensis
162
Dracunculus Medinensis can cause what in the blood
peripheral eosinophilia
163
onchocerca Volvulus is spread by
black fly
164
scattered puritic papaules that can become hyper pigment
hyopigmented spots on older patients on the shins
onchocerca Volvulus
165
blindness can be caused by a microfilaria floating into the eyeball, this is associated with
onchocerca Volvulus
166
microfilariae on a skin biopsy under a microscope?
onchocerca Volvulus
167
treatment of onchocerca Volvulus
ivermectin
168
Wuchereria Bancrofti presents as
elephantiasis
169
cough from a microfilarie in the lungs causing a hypersensitivity reaction is seen in
Wuchereria Bancrofti
170
intermediate host for Wuchereria Bancrofti
mosquitos
171
thick blood smear to see organisms is diagnostic for
Wuchereria Bancrofti
172
treatment fro Wuchereria Bancrofti
diethylcarbamazine
173
Toxocara Canis transmitted how
food with dog, or cat feces
174
parasitic larva get in bodie but down mature and cause visceral larva migranse
Toxocara Canis
175
ocular larva migranse because the larva travel to the eye, this is caused by
Toxocara Canis
176
treatment for Toxocara Canis
albednazole
177
Loa Loa causes
transient angioedma
178
worm that crawls under the conjunctiva that causes inflammation and edema is seen in
Loa Loa
179
deer flies causes?
Loa Loa
180
treatment for Loa Loa
diethylcarbamazine and albendazole
181
Taenia saginata is due to eating
cattle
182
Taenia Solium comes on by eating
pork
183
what is seen on stool O and P in Taenia Solium
hooks on proglottid heads
184
neurocysticercosis is caused by ingesting
tania EGGS that are floating around in contaminated water with animal poo
185
swiss cheese on head CT is characteristic of
neurocysticercosis
186
ingesting taenia cysts does what
asymptomatic or g.i. problems
187
treatment for tania
Praziquantel
188
treatment for neurocysticercosis
Albendazole + Praziquantel
189
Diphyllobothrium Latum transmission
eating undercooked fish ( fish tape worm)
190
diarrhea and an association with b12 deficiency causing megaloblastic anemia is associated with
Diphyllobothrium Latum
191
largest tape worm that can grow up to 10 meters long is
Diphyllobothrium Latum
192
proglottid segments that break off and can be seen in stool
Diphyllobothrium Latum
193
tx: for Diphyllobothrium Latum
Praziquantel and Niclosamide
194
Echinococcus Granulosos has a host of
dogs and sheep
195
transmission of Echinococcus Granulosos is through
dog poo
196
hydatid cyst is due to sheep tapeworm in
Echinococcus Granulosos
197
egg shell calcification in cyst mass on the liver is seen in
Echinococcus Granulosos
198
ruptured cyst in the liver that cause anaphylaxis reaction and acute abdomen is seen in
Echinococcus Granulosos
199
schistosome causes what
schistosomiasis
200
penetrates skin in aquatic environment and then go through blood to the liver
schistosoma
201
intermediate host for schistosoma
snails
202
lateral spine
schistosome mansoni
203
very small spin is seen in
schistosome japonicum
204
swimmers itch where the larva penetrate the skin is seen in
schistosoma
205
portal hypertension that can lead to g.i hemorrhage and abdominal pain, can eventually cause cirrhosis is due to
schistosome mansoni and japonicum
206
schistosome hematobium resides where
in the veins of the bladder
207
large terminal spine at the end is associated with
schistosome hematobium
208
schistosome hematobium causes what two things
hematuria and bladder cancer
209
treatment for schistosome hematobium
praziquantel
210
Clonorchis Sinensis is transmitted how
through snails
211
biliary tact fibrosis, pigment gallstone and chorioangiocarcinoma is caused by what trematode
Clonorchis Sinensis
212
operculated eggs
Clonorchis Sinensis and Paragonimus Westermani
213
treatment for Clonorchis Sinensis
praziquantel
214
Paragonimus Westermani causes?
chronic cough with bloody sputum
215
host for Paragonimus Westermani
snail
216
undercooked crab meat that carry the larvae is how you get
Paragonimus Westermani
217
treatment for Paragonimus Westermani
praziquantel
218
associated with bird or bat droppings or recently inside a cave
Histoplasma
219
exposure to chicken coops can give you what fungi
Histoplasma
220
Histoplasma can bee seen where
along missisippi or ohio river valley
221
transmission of Histoplasma is through
spores in bird or bat droppings that go to lungs and is ingested by macrophage
222
macrophage with small intracellular oval bodies
Histoplasma
223
mold in the cold and yeast in the
heat
224
chronic histoplasmosis can resemble
tb
225
erythema nodosum is seen in what fungus
Histoplasma
226
calcifications in the liver and the spleen is seen in what fungus
Histoplasma
227
eastern US and central America has what fungus
Blastomycosis
228
treatment for histoplasmosis
Azole drugs ( local infections)
systemic infection ( Amphotericin B)
229
fungus found in southwestern US and california that cause pneumonia and meningitis
coccidioidomycosis
230
case rate of what fungus increases after earthquakes
coccidioidomycosis because of spores in the dust being thrown into the air
231
spherule filled with endospore
coccidioidomycodid
232
found in Latin America this fungus has a budding yeast in the shape of a captions wheel
Paracoccidioidomycosis
233
Culture on Sabouraud agar
Cryptococcus neoformans
234
mucicarmine shows the red inner capsule of
Cryptococcus
235
mucicarmine (red inner capsule
Pneumocystis jirovecii
236
Disc-shaped yeast seen on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue
Pneumocystis jirovecii
237
cigar-shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia; lives on vegetation.
Sporothrix schenckii
238
treatment for sporothrix schenckii
itraconazole or potassium iodide.
239
aerobic gram +
Listeria
Bacillus
Corneybacterium
240
Anaerobic gram +
clostridium
241
anaerobic bracing gram +
actinomyces
242
Partial reduction of hemoglobin causes greenish or brownish color without clearing around growth on blood agar
alpha hemolytic strep ( pneuma and viridian's )
243
Protein A (virulence factor) binds Fc-IgG, inhibiting complement activation and phagocytosis seen in
S. Aureus
244
TSST-1 is a superantigen that binds to
MHC class 2 and T cells
245
ASO titer detects recen
S progenies infection
246
Hippurate test ⊕
S. Agalactiae
247
The only bacterium with a polypeptide capsule (contains d-glutamate).
bacillus Anthrax
248
Nausea and vomiting within 1–5 hr. Caused by cereulide, a preformed toxin.
Diarrheal type causes watery, nonbloody diarrhea and GI pain within 8–18 hr.
bacillus Cerus
249
MOA of C. Tetani
Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, GABA and glycine, from Renshaw cells in spinal cord.
250
Produces α toxin (lecithinase, a phospholipase) that can cause myonecrosis
c perfringens
251
describe the two toxins in c diff
Toxin A, enterotoxin,
binds to the brush border of the gut.
Toxin
B, cytotoxin, causes cytoskeletal disruption
via actin depolymerization diarrhea pseudomembranous colitis
252
Lab diagnosis based on gram ⊕ rods with metachromatic (blue and red) granules and ⊕ Elek test for toxin.
c diphtheria
253
Black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar
c. diphtheria
254
Gram ⊕, facultative intracellular rod
listeria
255
rocket tails” and tumbling motility is seen in
listeria
256
treatment for listeria in infants
ampicillin
257
act fast rod gram + that causes pulmonary infections that look like TB
norcardia
258
Causes oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts, forms yellow “sulfur granules;” can also cause PID with IUDs
actinomyces
259
cervical lymphadenitis in children).
M scrofulaceum
260
hand infection in aquarium handlers
M marinum
261
dapsone and rifampin treat
tuberculoid form of leprosy
262
clofazimine, dapsone and rifampin treat
lepramaotus form of leprosey
263
pink colonies on MaconKey Agar signifies
lactose fermenters
264
what produces β-galactosidase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
e coli
265
e coli grows colonies with a green sheen on what agar
EMB
266
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome seen in
N gonorrhea infection
267
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome associated with
N meningitides
268
Culture on chocolate agar, which contains factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin) for growth; is used ro
H flu
269
Gram ⊝ rod. Gram stains poorly—use silver stain
legionella
270
Grow on charcoal yeast extract medium with iron and cysteine.
legionella
271
tx for legionella
macrolife or quinolone
272
severe pneumonia
(often unilateral and lobar, fever, GI and CNS symptoms. Common in smokers and in chronic lung disease.
Legionnaires’ disease
273
mild flu like syndrome caused by legionella is called
pontiac fever
274
Aerobic, motile, gram ⊝ rod. Non-lactose
fermenting, oxidase ⊕. Produces pyocyanin (blue-green pigment
pseudomonas
275
what may contribute
to chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients
due to biofilm formation in pseudomonas .
the mucopolysaccharide capsule
276
causes lobar pneumonia in alcoholics and diabetics when aspirated.
klebsiella
277
Usually transmitted from pet feces (eg, puppies), contaminated milk, or pork
yersinia
278
Causes acute diarrhea or pseudoappendicitis
yersinia
279
Spirochete found in water contaminated with animal urine,
Leptospira interrogans
280
flu-like symptoms, myalgias (classically of calves), jaundice, photophobia with conjunctival suffusion (erythema without exudate)
Leptospira interrogates
(leptonpirosis)
281
Facial nerve palsy (typically bilateral) Arthritis
Cardiac block
Erythema migrant are seen in
Lyme disease
282
painless chancre
syphillis
283
Disseminated disease with constitutional symptoms, maculopapular rash, condylomata late and patchy hair loss; also con rmable with dark- eld microscopy.
secondary syphillis
284
Argyll Robertson pupil (constricts with accommodation but is not reactive to light; also called “prostitute’s pupil” since it accommodates but does not react). seen in
tertiary spyhillis
285
Flu-like syndrome (fever, chills, headache, myalgia) after antibiotics are started; due to killed bacteria (usually spirochetes) releasing toxins.
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
286
Cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis
Bartonella
287
Q fever
Coxiella
288
treatment for Rickettsia
doxycycline
289
common in North carolina, rash that starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads to the trunk and the palms and soles
Rickettsia
290
Rickettsia Typhus has what kind of rash
starts centrally and spreads out, sparing
palms and soles.
291
Monocytes with morulae (mulberry-like inclusions) in cytoplasm.
Ehrlichiosis
292
Granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm.
Anaplasmosis
293
Spores inhaled as aerosols from cattle/sheep amniotic uid. Presents as pneumonia. Most common cause of culture ⊝ endocarditis.
Q fever
294
what four things does chlamydia cause
reactive arthritis
follicular conjunctivitis
PID
neonatal gonnococal urethritis
295
X-ray looks worse than patient, walking pneumonia is a sign of
mycoplasma
296
IgA protease is an enzyme that cleaves IgA secreted by what organisms to to colonize in the respiratory mucosa
S. Pneumo
H. Flu
Neisseria
297
What is M protein
it prevents phagocytosis and is seen in group A strep
298
what is the term for the outer cell membrane of most gram - organisms
endotoxin
299
two bacteria that cause Inactivate elongation factor (EF-2)
diphtheria and pseudomonas
300
what two bacteria Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
e. coli and shigella
301
Overactivates adenylate cyclase (increasing cAMP) increasing Cl− secretion in gut and H2O eflux
Heat Labile LT toxin in ETEC
302
Overactivates guanylate cyclase ( increasingcGMP) decreasing resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut
Heat Stable ST toxin in ETEC
303
Overactivates adenylate cyclase ( increasing cAMP) by permanently activating Gs, increasing Cl− secretion in gut and H2O efflux
cholera
304
Overactivates adenylate cyclase (increasing cAMP) by disabling Gi, impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe
bordatella
305
The k1 capsular antigen in E. coli causes what
Neonatal meningitis
306
Bacteria that causes hyponatremia and is associated with recent travel
Legionella
307
Facultative intracellar gram neg organism
Legionella
308
important clinical finding of someone with Legionella Pnemonia
hyponatremia
309
treatment for Lymphogranuloma Venererum
Doxycycline
310
intracytoplasmic Donovan Bodies are seen in
Granuloma INguinale from Klebsiella
311
bilateral facial nerve also can be caused by
Lyme Disease
312