Exam 2 extra questions

Question 1

These neurons act as the decision-making cells to sum up all signals for certain stimuli

Answer 1

Interneurons

Question 2

A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the

Answer 2

central nervous system

Question 3

True or false: Nerve impulses go from sensory neurons in sense organs directly to the muscles and glands that respond

Answer 3

False

Question 4

This neuron has short dendrites and a long or short axon

Answer 4

Interneuron

Question 5

What are the main neurons of the spinal cord?

Answer 5

Schwann cells are the main neurons of the spinal cord

Question 6

Schwann cells are one of several types of ________ cells in the nervous system

Answer 6

neuroglial

Question 7

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of?

Answer 7

The myelin sheath

Question 8

True or false: A nerve impulse is the way all neurons transmit information

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

The “sodium potassium pumps” pumps what?

Answer 10

The “sodium-potassium pump” pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in

Question 11

As the action potential swings down

Answer 11

Potassium ions move out of the axon

Question 12

In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.

Answer 12

neurotransmitter molecules

Question 13

Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a________ .

Answer 13

Diffusion of neurotransmitter across the cleft

Question 14

The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves, which are neurons with cell bodies that occur in the?

Answer 14

Brain, spinal cord, or in ganglia

Question 15

The PNS nerves are part of either the somatic system or the ________ .

Answer 15

Autonomic system

Question 16

The somatic system contains nerves that control _________.

Answer 16

Skeletal muscles

Question 17

The peripheral nervous system includes mixed nerves that _________.

Answer 17

Contain both sensory and motor fibers

Question 18

The sensory neurons that come from internal organs send impulses to the CNS where reflex actions _____________.

Answer 18

Help maintain homeostasis

Question 19

True or false: The sympathetic system inhibits the digestive tract, dilates the bronchi, and accelerates the heartbeat; it is associated with the “fight or flight” body response

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True or false: The parasympathetic system causes the pupil to contract, promotes digestion of food, and retards the heartbeat

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Higher thought processes for learning and memory are primarily in the ________.

Answer 21

Cerebrum

Question 22

The ________ contains centers for heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata

Question 23

The medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for _______________.

Answer 23

Vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, and swallowing

Question 24

The main function of the cerebellum is ___________.

Answer 24

Muscle coordination

Question 25

What is the biggest part of the brain?

Answer 25

The Cerebrum

Question 26

Which part of the brain helps keep your balance so you don’t fall flat on your face?

Answer 26

Cerebellum

Question 27

Which part of the brain keeps you breathing?

Answer 27

The brain stem

Question 28

``` The cerebellum, _______portion of the brain, is located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. the largest the second largest the third largest the smallest ```

Answer 28

The second largest

Question 29

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into lobes, ________ of which have the same name as the bone over them

Answer 29

Five, four

Question 30

Like other systems in the body, the nervous system is composed of organs, principally the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ____

Answer 30

Ganglia

Question 31

When a muscle fiber contracts, what slides toward the center of each sarcomere?

Answer 31

the thin filaments of actin

Question 32

``` Which functional division of the nervous system includes the SNS and ANS? A) sensory B) motor C) central D) peripheral ```

Answer 32

Motor

Question 33

Which effectors are innervated by visceral motor neurons? A) cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands B) somatic effectors other than skeletal muscle C) skeletal muscle, skin, and joints D) interneurons of the CNS

Answer 33

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 34

``` Which pair names only neuroglia of the central nervous system? A) astrocytes and interneurons B) ependymal cells and astrocytes C) microglia and neurolemmocytes D) oligodendrocytes and satellite cells ```

Answer 34

Ependymal cells and astrocytes

Question 35

Which description refers to oligodendrocytes? A) small cells with slender branches from the cell body B) large, star-shaped cells with numerous cell processes C) large, bulbous cells with slender cytoplasmic extensions D) flattened cells wrapped around axons to form myelin

Answer 35

Large, bulbous cells with slender cytoplasmic extensions

Question 36

``` Which types of glial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system? A) oligodendrocytes and astrocytes B) microglia and ependymal cells C) neurolemmocytes and satellite cells D) all of the above ```

Answer 36

neurolemmocytes and satellite cells

Question 37

``` The synaptic knob of a neuron may contact another neuron anywhere except on its A) dendrites B) cell body C) myelin sheath D) synaptic knob ```

Answer 37

Myelin sheath

Question 38

Which one of the following is not a step in the conduction of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse? A) the nerve impulse causes an influx of Ca2+ ions into the synaptic knob B) calcium ions entering the synaptic cleft cause the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles C) neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic cell D) a voltage change in the postsynaptic cell triggers a nerve impulse to begin there

Answer 38

calcium ions entering the synaptic cleft cause the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles

Question 39

``` What accounts for the gray color of gray matter? A) presence of Nissl bodies B) absence of myelin C) both of the above D) neither of the above ```

Answer 39

Both of the above

Question 40

``` In the PNS, an axon may be enveloped by ____________ without being ____________. A) neurolemmocytes; myelinated B) oligodendrocytes; myelinated C) satellite cells; in a ganglion D) endoneurium; in a nerve ```

Answer 40

Neurolemmocytes; myelinated

Question 41

``` Which glial cells participate in the repair of damaged nerves? A) satellite and ependymal cells B) neurolemmocytes C) oligodendrocytes D) astrocytes and microglia ```

Answer 41

Neurolemmocytes

Question 42

``` Which nervous system divisions or components contain no afferent neurons? A) somatic and visceral sensory B) CNS and PNS C) PNS and ANS D) ANS and SNS ```

Answer 42

ANS and SNS

Question 43

``` Ironically, a ____________ neuron typically has more dendrites than a ____________ neuron. A) bipolar; multipolar B) unipolar; multipolar C) unipolar; bipolar D) sensory; multipolar ```

Answer 43

Unipolar; Bipolar

Question 44

``` A multipolar neuron that synapses on a gland cell is functionally classified as A) a visceral motor neuron B) a somatic motor neuron C) a sensory neuron D) an interneuron ```

Answer 44

A visceral motor neuron

Question 45

``` At a chemical synapse, ____________ are found only in the plasma membrane of the ____________ cell. A) neurotransmitters; postsynaptic B) receptor proteins; postsynaptic C) neurotransmitters; presynaptic D) receptor proteins; presynaptic ```

Answer 45

Receptor proteins; postsynaptic

Question 46

``` With regard to control of effectors, ____________ is to involuntary as ____________ is to voluntary. A) somatic; visceral B) somatic; peripheral C) autonomic; somatic D) central; peripheral ```

Answer 46

Autonomic; somatic

Question 47

Sensory neurons in which of the following locations receive and transmit only visceral input? (1) skin (2) joints (3) heart (4) fascia (5) stomach A) 1 and 2 B) 3 and 5 C) 3, 4, and 5

Answer 47

3 & 5

Question 48

``` Touch, vibration, and proprioception are examples of A) special visceral senses B) general visceral senses C) special somatic senses D) general somatic senses ```

Answer 48

General somatic senses