Lecture Notes Circulatory

Question 1

Which gland produces calcitonin?

Answer 1

Thyroid

Question 2

Which is responsible for circadian rhythm?

Answer 2

Pineal gland (melatonin)..

Question 3

The total area that a single group of

receptors senses is called what?

Answer 3

Receptive field

Question 4

Receptor of joints and muscles (position)?

Answer 4

Proprioceptors

Question 5

Referred pain

Answer 5

Sensed in another area

Question 6

Not noticing a stimulus after a given time is called what?

Answer 6

Adaptation

Question 7

Gustatory begins with

Answer 7

The gustatory cells; on the tongue Anterior of the tongue = facial nerve (VII), Posterior = the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)..

Question 8

6th taste?

Answer 8

Calcium found in rats

Question 9

5 basic tastes: Metal ions (Na+, K+)

Answer 9

Salty

Question 10

5 Basic tastes: Organic compounds

Answer 10

Sweet

Question 11

5 Basic tastes: H+ ions

Answer 11

Sour

Question 12

5 Basic tastes: Alkaloids (OH-)

Answer 12

Bitter

Question 13

5 Basic tastes: Amino acids

Answer 13

Unami (“savory”)

Question 14

Interpretation of olfaction is in?

Answer 14

The temporal lobe

Question 15

How many different odors are detected?

Answer 15

50-60

Question 16

Olfactory hairs increase

Answer 16

Surface area

Question 17

Olfactory nerve fibers take signals through

Answer 17

The foramen of the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb

Question 18

Vascular tunic, aka?

Answer 18

Choroid; middle layer. Dense capillary network bringing blood supply to the retina

Question 19

Interpretation of sight is

Answer 19

In the occipital lobes of cerebrum

Question 20

Ciliary muscle relaxes it

Answer 20

Puts tension on suspensory ligaments. Lens flattens

Question 21

Ciliary muscle contracts

Answer 21

Suspensory ligaments relax. Lens thickens

Question 22

Focus in front of retina

Answer 22

Myopia-near sighted

Question 23

Focus behind the retina

Answer 23

Hyperopia-far sighted

Question 24

What condition causes: Cloudy lens, Opacity can occur on the cornea, Need for transplant

Answer 24

Cataracts

Question 25

static balance

Answer 25

Vestibule

Question 26

Dynamic balance

Answer 26

Semi-circular canals- dynamic balance..

Question 27

The inner ear has

Answer 27

Cochlea, vestibule and semi-circular canals

Question 28

Ampulla is

Answer 28

The swollen area at base of a semicircular canal. Contains hair cells & cupula

Question 29

Vestibule is

Answer 29

Utricle & saccule; each with a macula which senses static position, head tilt, or shifts in gravity

Question 30

Increased by ossicles

Answer 30

Amplitude

Question 31

Area of sharpest vision? What receptors?

Answer 31

Fovea centralis, cones

Question 32

What anatomy happens at the blind spot?

Answer 32

Nerve fibers and blood vessels exit eye

Question 33

What does ciliary muscle do to make the lens fatter, wider?

Answer 33

Contracts (which moves ciliary body closer to the lens)

Question 34

What controls pupil size?

Answer 34

Muscles of the iris

Question 35

Why do we have to have a double pump?

Answer 35

Blood picks up O2 at lungs • Happens in lung capillaries • After capillaries pressure decreases • “Second pump” increases pressure to send oxygenated blood to the body • Blood has to be re-pressurized after going to the lung

Question 36

Capillary beds supply the cardiac tissue with

Answer 36

Oxygen & nutrition

Question 37

Cardiac muscle contracts

Answer 37

Systole

Question 38

in-between contractions, cardiac muscle is relaxed

Answer 38

Diastole

Question 39

Cardiac cycle

Answer 39

1) First, the two atria contract (atrial systole) 2) Then atrial diastole & ventricular systole begins (“lub”). Sound of A-V valves closing 3) When ventricular systole ends the semilunar valves shut ("dub") 4) There is about 1⁄2 second when all four chambers are in diastole, heart fills with blood. Cycle repeats (70-80/minute)..

Question 40

Precapillary sphincter allows for

Answer 40

control of blood flow (thermoregulation)

Question 41

Capillaries are

Answer 41

Smallest & most delicate | Endothelium & basement membrane (basal lamina) only

Question 42

What vessel by-passes the fetal liver?

Answer 42

Ductus venosus

Question 43

Name two ways to by-pass the fetal lungs

Answer 43

Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus

Question 44

What does blood transport?

Answer 44

Nutrients and O2 as well as metabolic wastes to be excreted

Question 45

How does blood play a role in homeostasis?

Answer 45

Temperature, blood pressure, salts. | Specialized immune cells protect from infection & disease

Question 46

Stem cell that produces blood cells

Answer 46

Hemocytoblast

Question 47

Each heme binds to how many O2 molecules?

Answer 47

One

Question 48

Universal donor

Answer 48

Type O

Question 49

Universal receiver

Answer 49

Type AB

Question 50

What is the Rh system named for?

Answer 50

Rhesus monkey

Question 51

Which pumps blood to the body (not lungs)?

Answer 51

Left ventricle