Lecture digestive system

Question 1

Provides most of the ATP

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

What two bones make up the Hard palate?

Answer 2

Horizontal plates of the Maxilla and palantine bones

Question 3

Soft palate

Answer 3

Posterior roof; no bone; closes off

nasopharynx during swallowing

Question 4

Begins mechanical manipulation & processing and sensory input

Answer 4

Tongue

Question 5

On the dorsum of the tongue

Answer 5

Papillae

Question 6

Two lymphoid nodules at

the root of the tongue

Answer 6

Lingual tonsils

Question 7

Masticate food into a bolus

Answer 7

Teeth

Question 8

aka “wisdom teeth”

Answer 8

Third molars

Question 9

Salivary glands produce

Answer 9

Digestive enzymes (carbohydrate digestion)
Produce lubricant

Question 10

Largest salivary gland; anterior to the ears, extending over masseter

Answer 10

Parotid

Question 11

Deep; floor of the mouth; empties just lateral to lingual frenulum.

Answer 11

Submandibular

Question 12

Shallow; floor of the mouth; under the tongue

Answer 12

Sublingual

Question 13

Stratified squamous (non-keratinized)

Answer 13

Pharynx, Esophagus

Question 14

Where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm

Answer 14

Esophageal hiatus

Question 15

Simple columnar; tunica muscularis has a 3rd layer (oblique) inside the usual circular & longitudinal muscle layers. Watery contents is called chyme

Answer 15

Stomach

Question 16

Four regions of the stomach (in order)

Answer 16

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloris

Question 17

G cells

Answer 17

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 18

90% of the nutrients are absorbed here due to amounts of mucosal surface area.

Answer 18

Small intestine

Question 19

permanent internal ridges visible to the naked eye

Answer 19

Plicae circulares

Question 20

Absorb lipids NOT blood capillaries; part of lymph system.

Answer 20

Lacteals

Question 21

(crypts of Lieberkuhn): found near the base of intestinal villi; secrete hormones and enzymes; Goblet cells secrete protective mucus.

Answer 21

Intestinal glands

Question 22

From the pancreas & the intestinal glands digest all classes of molecules..

Answer 22

Digestive enzymes

Question 23

Segmentation: a movement characteristic of the small intestine; a churning motion that does NOT produce any net movement down the GI tract; mixes chyme with
intestinal secretions

Answer 23

Segmentation

Question 24

Starts in the esophagus; net movement down the GI tract

Answer 24

Peristalsis

Question 25

the first region of the small intestine, begins after the pyloric sphincter and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure

Answer 25

Duodenum

Question 26

Duodenum forms a loop around the

Answer 26

Pancreas

Question 27

Where the common bile duct fuses with pancreatic duct; wide variation

Answer 27

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 28

opens to allow juices out, but keeps chyme from reversing back up

Answer 28

hepatopancreatic sphincter

Question 29

Accessory Digestive Organs are

Answer 29

salivary glands, pancreas, liver & gallbladder

Question 30

Tail, body and head; mixed gland; exocrine & endocrine

Answer 30

Pancreas

Question 31

break down all classes of molecules..

Answer 31

Digestive enzymes

Question 32

Endocrine or exocrine: Pancreatic islets

Answer 32

Endocrine

Question 33

Exocrine cells- secrete into ducts

Answer 33

Acinar cells

Question 34

Has four lobes

Answer 34

Liver

Question 35

Divides the right lobe from the left lobe of the liver

Answer 35

Falciform ligament

Question 36

The remnant of the fetal umbilical vein | continuous with the falciform ligament

Answer 36

Round ligament

Question 37

Suspends the liver from the diaphragm

Answer 37

Coronary ligament

Question 38

Blood supply to the liver

Answer 38

Two ways to enter (hepatic artery proper & hepatic portal vein, only one way out (hepatic vein)

Question 39

8 ft long; supported by mesentery; the bulk of chemical digestion & nutrient absorption occurs here

Answer 39

Jejunum

Question 40

Longest (≈12 ft); continues absorption; ends at the ileocecal valve (controls the rate of emptying); Large amount of MALT to counteract bacteria found in the large intestine

Answer 40

Ileum

Question 41

An expandable pouch; the ileum attaches to the medial side of the cecum at the opening called the ileocecal valve

Answer 41

Cecum

Question 42

Dangles from the cecum; about 3.5 inches long; mucosa & submucosa dominated by lymphatic nodules (like a tonsil).

Answer 42

Vermiform appendix

Question 43

From the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure

Answer 43

Transverse colon

Question 44

From the splenic flexure to the sigmoid flexure.

Answer 44

Descending colon

Question 45

(S- shaped colon) from the sigmoid flexure to the rectum; posterior to the urinary bladder; suspended by the sigmoid mesocolon

Answer 45

Sigmoid colon

Question 46

From the cecum to the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)

Answer 46

Ascending colon

Question 47

Temporary storage of feces, presence of feces in rectum triggers the urge to defecate; epithelium changes from simple columnar to non- keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 47

Rectum

Question 48

Terminus of the rectum

Answer 48

Anal canal

Question 49

small longitudinal folds allow for stretching..

Answer 49

Anal columns

Question 50

(2): smooth muscle forms the internal anal sphincter & skeletal muscle encircles the distal portion of the canal forming the external anal sphincter (voluntary control)

Answer 50

Anal sphincters

Question 51

Epithelium becomes keratinized, stratified squamous

Answer 51

Anus

Question 52

Steps in digestion

Answer 52

1) Ingestion 2) Mechanical processing 3) Secretion 4) Digestion 5) Absorption 6) Compaction 7) Egestion

Question 53

Putting the food/liquid in your mouth

Answer 53

Ingestion

Question 54

Starting with mastication in the mouth, swallowing the bolus at pharynx, churning in the stomach & segmentation in the small intestine

Answer 54

Mechanical processing

Question 55

Enzymes, mucus, water & bile.

Answer 55

Secretion

Question 56

The chemical & enzymatic breakdown of large macromolecules into smaller more absorbable compounds; starting with amylase in the saliva in the mouth & ending with many enzymes in the small intestine..

Answer 56

Digestion

Question 57

Small organic molecules, water, electrolytes, vitamins & minerals through digestive epithelium and into the body. Small intestine.

Answer 57

Absorption

Question 58

Reabsorption of water in large intestine

Answer 58

Compaction

Question 59

Includes indigestible material, as well as some waste products from the liver in bile. Enters the rectum, anal canal and out the anus

Answer 59

Egestion