Lab oral #4 Flashcards by Chantelle Smith

Name the 12 skull muscles

1) Frontalis
2) Occipitalis
3) Temporalis
4) Orbicularis oculi
5) Orbicuclaris oris
6) Masseter
7) Buccinator
8) Depressor anguli oris
9) Depressor labii inferioris
10) Levator labii superioris
11) Risorius
12) Zygomaticus

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Name the two neck muscles

1) Sternocleidomastoid

2) Sternohyoid

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Name the 4 thorax muscles

1) Pectoralis major
2) Pectoralis minor
3) Serratus anterior
4) Intercostals

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Name the 3 abdomen muscles

1) External oblique
2) Internal oblique
3) Rectus abdominis

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Name the 3 back hip muscles

1) Latissimus dorsi
2) Gluteus maximus
3) Gluteus medius

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Name the 9 thigh muslces

1) Tensor fasciae latae
2) Sartorius
3) Biceps femoris
4) Semitendinosus
5) Semimembranosus
6) Vastus lateralis
7) Vastus intermedius
8) Vastus medialis
9) Rectus femoris

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Name the 8 muscles of the shoulder

1) Trapezius
2) Deltoideus
3) Teres major & minor
4) Rhomboideus minor
5) Rhomboideus major
6) Supraspinatus
7) Infraspinatus
8) Subscapularis

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Name the muscles of the upper limb

1) Triceps brachii (lateral, long & medial)

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Name the muscles of the upper arm

1) Biceps brachii (long & short)
2) Brachialis
3) Brachioradialis
4) Anconeus

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Name the 7 muscles of the lower arm

1) Extensor carpi ulnaris
2) Extensor carpi radialis
3) Extensor digitorum
4) Flexor carpi ularis
5) Flexor carpi radialis
6) Palmaris longus
7) Pronator teres

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Name the 2 muscles of the thumb

1) Abductor pollicis longus

2) Extensor pollicis brevis

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Name the 7 muscles of the leg

1) Tibialis anterior
2) Gastrocnemius
3) Soleus
4) Tendo calcaneus (=Achille’s tendon)
5) Fibularis (Peroneus)
6) Extensor digitorum longus
7) Plantaris

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Name the 4 muscles of the thigh

1) Adductor magnus
2) Adductor longus
3) Pectineus
4) Gracilis

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Name the different movements of the body

1) Abduction, adduction
2) Flexion, extension
3) Elevation, depression
4) Supination, pronation
5) Inversion, eversion
6) Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion
7) Rotation
8) Circumduction

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Name the origin, insertion, and action for sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manubrium & clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of skull
Action: Flexes neck & turns face

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for Pectoralis major

Origin: Ribs, sternum, clavicle
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Flexes & rotates the humerus

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for triceps brachii

Origin: Scapula & humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process (ulna)
Action: Extends forearm

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for Biceps brachii

Origin: Scapula & humerus
Insertion: Radius
Action: Flexes forearm

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for trapezius

Origin: Occipital, thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle, scapula
Action: Elevates the scapula & extends head

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for deltoid

Origin: Clavicle & scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Action: Abducts humerus

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for biceps femoris

Origin: Ischium & femur
Insertion: Fibula & tibia
Action: Flexes the lower leg

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Name the origin, insertion, & action for gastrocnemius

Origin: Condyles of femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
Action: Plantar flexes the foot (“points” the toe”)

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The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called a

Sarcolemma

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Name the 3 types of muscle

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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For skeletal muscle the muscle is arranged

In bundles of bundles

The arrangement of muscle is

Bundles within bundles so that at a microscopic level when the proteins move the action is amplified through the bundles so that the whole muscle contracts but it all starts at the microscopic level

Muscle is only capable of?

Contracting, it can only shorten its length, it can not push

Muscles can

* Contract * Shorten it's length * Relax * Lengthen by relaxation

Each bundle is surrounded by connective tissue cover called?

Mysium

Myo=

Muscle in latin

Depending on where the mysium is it has a different prefix:

Epi, peri, or endo

Epi=

Over or upon

The epimysium is

Around the whole muscle

There is a fascia layer that is over the

Epimysium & the fascia layer is continuous with the tendon that attaches muscle to bone

Muscle is arranged in

Bundles called fasicle

The fascicle is surrounded by

The perimysium

Peri=

Around

The perimysium is

Around the fasicle

The fasicle is composed of

bundles of muscle fibers

Muscle fibers are the same as

A muscle cell

The muscle fiber/muscle cell is surrounded by

Endomysium because endo means inside of

The muscle fiber/muscle cell is composed of still smaller

Bundles of proteins: the actin & myosin

Actin (thin) implies

Action because of these proteins ability to move relative to the myosin

Myosin implies

Muscle

Because of the arrangements of the proteins in a muscle cell it creates

A certain pattern or banding that is important to the understanding of how the muscle works

There are thick and thin elements, these overlap creating

Dark bands and light bands, light areas and dark areas, thus we have banding within the muscle cell

Myosin is the

Thick element (protein)

Actin is the

Thin element (protein)

What creates the dark bands at either side of the A band?

The overlap of the thick & the thin elements

What creates the light I band?

The area where there is only thin elements

When muscles contract the banding pattern changes because

The thin elements slide over the thick elements

What is a photomicrograph?

A picture taken with a microscope

Muscles can contract not

Expand

When muscles contract is causes

Movement of other body parts

Skeletal muscles generally don't function in

Isolation; rather they work together to produce movements

Muscles are grouped according to their

Primary actions into 3 types: Agonists, antagonists, & synergists

Agonist is also

Called prime mover. It is a muscle that contracts to produce a particular movement

Example of agonist

The triceps brachii of the posterior arm, it causes forearm extension

Antagonist is

A muscle whose actions oppose those of the agonist

Example of antagonist

When the triceps brachia acts an an agonist to extend the forearm, the biceps brachia on the anterior side of the humerus acts as an antagonist to stabilize the movement & produce the opposing action, which is flexion of the forearm

Synergist are

Muscles that assist the agonist in performing its action

Examples of synergist

The biceps brachii & the brachialis muscles of the arm

Synergists may also assist an agonist by

Preventing movement at a joint & thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist, these are called fixators

Why do we have to have antagonists?

We couldn't have delicate movement otherwise

Biceps brachii and biceps femoris are both

Flexors

Biceps brachii is on the

Humerus and moves the lower arm (forearm)

Muscles that move a certain part is usually not located on

That part, it is usually closer to the body center

Group of muscles called the quadriceps all have the same

Action and is composed of 4 muscles

The quadriceps are

1) Rectus femoris 2) Vastus lateralis 3) Vastus intermedius 4) Vastus medialis

Which one of the quadriceps can you not see?

Vastus intermedius because it is under vast us medialis

What do the quadriceps do?

They move the lower leg, the leg will undergo extension & be a kicking action

The hamstrings are the antagonists of the?

Quadriceps

What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstrings?

1) Semimembranosus 2) Semitendinosus 3) Biceps femor long head & short head

Many muscles are named for?

The bones they lie on

Lab oral #4 Flashcards

(74 cards)