Lecture Urinary System

Question 1

Wavelike movement of food is called?

Answer 1

Peristalsis

Question 2

What structures in the oral cavity help fight disease?

Answer 2

Tonsils

Question 3

Chewing is also know as

Answer 3

Masticate

Question 4

What is the usual molecule that supplies energy directly to a cell?

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

What does digestion do?

Answer 5

Supplies the molecules that cells/mitochondria can use to make ATP

Question 6

Defecation is also known as

Answer 6

Egestion

Question 7

What’s the dental formula?

Answer 7

2/2,1/1,2/2,3/3X2=32

Question 8

What do salivary enzymes do?

Answer 8

Carbohydrate digestion

Question 9

What and where is MALT?

Answer 9

Lymphatics, tunica mucosa

Question 10

What is the Esophageal hiatus?

Answer 10

Where Esophagus goes thru diaphragm

Question 11

Where do you find parietal, chief and enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 11

Stomach, gastric glands

Question 12

Which produces HCl? Gastrin?

Answer 12

Parietal, enteroendocrine

Question 13

What increases surface area in small intestines?

Answer 13

Plicae circulares, villi, microvilli..

Question 14

What is a lacteal?

Answer 14

Lymphatic vessels in villi, absorb lipids

Question 15

Where does bile enter the G.I. Tract?

Answer 15

Duodenum

Question 16

A cluster of MALT in the small intestine is known as

Answer 16

Peyer’s patches

Question 17

The membrane that suspends the stomach is the

Answer 17

Lesser omentum

Question 18

The ligament that suspends the liver is

Answer 18

Coronary ligament

Question 19

Acinar cells (acini) are found where and do what?

Answer 19

Pancreas, digestive enzymes..

Question 20

What are gallstones made of?

Answer 20

Cholesterol

Question 21

What ingredient in bile comes from RBC’s?

Answer 21

Bilirubin

Question 22

What are the two ways that blood can enter the liver?

Answer 22

Hepatic artery and Hepatic portal vessel

Question 23

What is a Triad?

Answer 23

At each corner of hepatic lobule, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and bile duct

Question 24

Function of oral cavity?

Answer 24

Mechanical and chemical- carb. digestion

Question 25

Function of stomach?

Answer 25

Mechanical (chyme) and chemical- protein

Question 26

Function of small intestine?

Answer 26

Chemical (all classes) & absorption

Question 27

Function of Large intestine?

Answer 27

Reabsorption, compaction, storage

Question 28

Primary organ in the urinary system

Answer 28

Kidney

Question 29

Secondary organs in the urinary system

Answer 29

1) Ureters 2) Bladder 3) Urethra

Question 30

Function of urinary system is

Answer 30

1) Remove waste from blood 2) Store and excrete urine 3) Blood volume regulation – Effect on blood pressure 4) Regulation of RBC production – Thru erythropoietin 5) Low O2 erythropoietin production 6) EP hemocytoblast activity RBC

Question 31

Each kidney is protected & stabilized by

Answer 31

Three concentric layers of connective tissue

Question 32

Dense irregular collagen fibers for protection

Answer 32

Renal (fibrous) capsule

Question 33

Perirenal fat can be quite thick & provides insulation & cushioning

Answer 33

Adipose capsule

Question 34

Dense outer layer anchors the kidneys to surrounding tissues

Answer 34

Renal Fascia

Question 35

Kidneys from the outside in

Answer 35

1) Renal capsule: Covers the kidneys 2) Cortex: in contact with capsule; contains many small blood vessels & glomeruli 3) Medulla: under the cortex are conical renal pyramids separated by renal columns; pyramids contain many fine tubules, columns have blood vessels 4) Renal Pelvis: collects urine from all the renal pyramids; continuous with the ureter

Question 36

Bloop vessels of the nephron

Answer 36

1) Interlobular artery 2) Afferent arteriole (larger diameter) 3) Glomerular capillaries 4) Efferent arteriole (smaller diameter) 5) Peritubular capillaries (cortex) & vasa recta (medulla) 6) Interlobular vein

Question 37

Glomerulus & a glomerular capsule

Answer 37

Renal Corpuscle

Question 38

Where filtration first takes place

Answer 38

Glomerulus

Question 39

First part of the nephron

Answer 39

Renal corpuscle

Question 40

A network of specialized leaky capillaries

Answer 40

Glomerulus

Question 41

Anything that enters glomerular capsule is called

Answer 41

Filtrate

Question 42

Blood cells & proteins are too large to pass into the

Answer 42

Glomerular capsule

Question 43

Blood or proteins in the urine indicate?

Answer 43

Kidney damage

Question 44

Filtration is about how many gallons per day?

Answer 44

50 gallons per day

Question 45

Regulates blood pressure

Answer 45

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 46

Urine production

Answer 46

Filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Question 47

What is dialysis?

Answer 47

* Artificial waste removal from blood * Due to kidney malfunction * Two kinds * Hemodialysis * Peritoneal dialysis

Question 48

Continuous with renal pelvis; muscular tube

Answer 48

Ureters

Question 49

Exits the kidney at the hilum. Travels about 12 inches before entering the posterior wall of the bladder at the slit- like ureteral opening. Smooth muscle layers perform peristaltic contractions that “milk” urine out of each renal pelvis

Answer 49

Ureter

Question 50

* Mineral stones- Ca+, NH3 * Form in the calyx or renal pelvis * Pass through the ureter and urethra if small enough * Ultra sound to break up if too large * Drink plenty of water

Answer 50

Kidney stones- Calculi

Question 51

Muscular organ, temporary storage of urine

Answer 51

Urinary bladder

Question 52

compresses the bladder to expel urine out the urethra

Answer 52

Detrusor muscle

Question 53

Transitional epithelium lining with rugae. T.E. allows for?

Answer 53

Stretching of surface

Question 54

Triangular area bound by the two ureteral openings and the entrance to the urethra; lacks rugae and acts like a funnel

Answer 54

Trigone

Question 55

Stretch receptors begin the?

Answer 55

Micturition reflex

Question 56

Involuntary ring of smooth muscle

Answer 56

Internal urethral sphincter

Question 57

A ring of skeletal muscle, Voluntary control

Answer 57

External urethral sphincter

Question 58

Urethra in females is

Answer 58

Very short (1-11⁄2 in.); from the bladder to the vaginal orifice

Question 59

Urethra in males is

Answer 59

Much longer (7-8 in.); shared function between urinary & reproductive systems; prostatic urethra, membranous urethra & penile (spongy) urethra

Question 60

Urinalysis

Answer 60

Can reveal diseases such as: – Diabetes – Kidney disease – Urinary tract infections

Question 61

What molecule makes up chromosomes?

Answer 61

DNA

Question 62

What happens to DNA before Mitosis?

Answer 62

DNA replication

Question 63

DNA condenses at?

Answer 63

The beginning of mitosis

Question 64

What letter of the alphabet does a chromosome look like at the beginning of mitosis?

Answer 64

X

Question 65

Two sets of phases for meiosis

Answer 65

IPMAT, PMAT

Question 66

* Homologous pairs * Reduction division * Gamete production

Answer 66

Meiosis