Lecture 8: Ligaments, fascia and tendons (Hayward) Flashcards Preview

Undeleted > Lecture 8: Ligaments, fascia and tendons (Hayward) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lecture 8: Ligaments, fascia and tendons (Hayward) Deck (34)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q

what is fascia classified as?

A

irregular dense connective tissue

1
Q

what are fasciae, tendons and ligaments classified as?

A

dense connective tissue

2
Q

what are tendons and ligaments classified as?

A

dense regular connective tissue

3
Q

define ligaments

A

they are regular dense connective tissue that attach bone to bone.

4
Q

what is the function of ligaments

A

to stabilize and strengthen joints and limit the movement of bones in certain directions

they can also bind tendons to bones

5
Q

how are ligaments arranged?

A

they are taut when the joint is in the position of maximum stability.

6
Q

what is the morphologic arrangement of collagen fibers and fibrocytes in ligaments?

A

there are smaller collagen fibers and variable numbers of elastic fibers.

7
Q

what are elastic ligaments?

A

they consist mostly of elastic fibers, imparting considerable flexibility and recoil.

8
Q

what are some examples of elastic ligaments?

A

ligamenta flava and ligamentum nuchae

9
Q

are ligaments resistant to tensile (stretching) forces?

A

YES!

10
Q

define fascia

A

the connective tissue surrounding the different sub-compartments of muscle.

all layers of fascia are in continuity with each other and converge to form a common bundle of fibers or the muscle tendon

11
Q

what is the epimysium?

A

a sheet of dense connective tissue that completely surrounds and invests the muscle belly

12
Q

what is the perimysium? what is it composed of?

A

a second order of collagenous connective tissue that invade the depths of the muscle belly to ensheath muscle fibers to form muscle fascicles or bundles.

it is composed of epimysial septae

13
Q

what is the function of the perimysium?

A

it conveys blood vessels and nerve branches passing to and from the muscle fascicles.

14
Q

what can you find within the perimysium?

A

muscle spindles, proprioceptors that function as stretch receptors in muscles.

15
Q

define endomysium

A

connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.

16
Q

what is endomysium composed of?

A

primarily reticular fibers that harness the margins of the muscle fibers through connections with the external lamina that surrounds each muscle fiber

17
Q

capillaries and nerve fibers pass within which type of fascia?

A

endomysial connective tissue

18
Q

define myotendinous junction

A

mysial connective tissues located at the muscle’s insertion and origin that merge and become confluent to form tendons or aponeuroses.

19
Q

define tendons

A

cylindrical regular dense connective tissue in which muscle fibers end and are attached to bones

20
Q

what is the primary function of a tendon

A

to transmit forces developed by muscles to the skeleton

21
Q

what can large tendons be used for in some animals?

A

they can be used to store elastic energy when stretched. the stored energy is recycled during subsequent movements (kangaroo is an example).

22
Q

define aponeuroses

A

tendons that consist of flat sheets of dense connective tissue that typically attach flat muscles to bone

23
Q

what are tendons composed of?

A

type I collagen fibers tightly packed into bundles.

24
Q

what is the significance of the tight bundling of collagen fibers in tendons?

A

there is little amorphous ground substance located between fibers

25
Q

how are fibrocytes aligned in mature tendons?

A

in parallel rows between bundles

26
Q

how are collagen fibers organized in tendons? (endotenon, peritenon, epitenon, paratenon)

A

they are organized into bundles by loose connective tissue septae called endotenon which contain blood vessels and nerves.

several small bundles may be further organized into larger bundles by loose connective tissue septae called PERI-tenon

peritenon is continuous with an outer layer of DENSE connective tissue called epitenon.

epitenon is invested in PARA-tenon, which consists of LOOSE connective tissue that permits movement during locomotion.

27
Q

how do vessels and nerves pass to tendons?

A

via paratendons

28
Q

where will you typically find synovial tendon sheaths?

A

in areas where friction is enhanced by greater movement and/or pressure from adjacent structures

29
Q

what reduces friction during movement?

A

synovial fluid located within the lumen of synovial sheaths

30
Q

where do vessels and nerves pass from the paratendon to the epitendon when covered by synovial sheaths?

A

they pass within the mesotendon formed by reflection of the synovial membranes

31
Q

what causes tendonitis?

A

under circumstances of repetitive movements, the lubricating function of the sheath can become exhausted and the tendon and sheath become irritated. this can be extremely painful and cause lameness

32
Q

tendons and ligaments attachment sites are typically what?

A

fibrocartilage or bone

33
Q

what are sharpey’s fibers?

A

collagen fibers of tendons that become embedded in newly formed bone during growth.

Decks in Undeleted Class (134):