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TOEFL-45 > List-11 > Flashcards

List-11 Flashcards

1
Q

acknowledge

A
  • *vt. 承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到
  • ——————————————**
  1. declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of
  2. report the receipt of
  3. express recognition of the presence or existence of, or acquaintance with
  4. express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for
  5. accept as legally binding and valid
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2
Q

ambitious

A
  • *adj. 野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having a strong desire for success or achievement
  2. requiring full use of your abilities or resources
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3
Q

amenity

A
  • *n. 舒适；礼仪；愉快；便利设施
  • ——————————————**
  1. pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions
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4
Q

applaud

A
  • *vt. 赞同；称赞；向…喝彩
    vi. 喝彩；鼓掌欢迎
  • ——————————————**
  1. clap one’s hands or shout after performances to indicate approval
  2. express approval of
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5
Q

avalanche

A
  • *n. 雪崩
    vt. 雪崩
    vi. 崩塌
  • ——————————————**
  1. a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain
  2. a sudden appearance of an overwhelming number of things
  3. gather into a huge mass and roll down a mountain, of snow
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6
Q

bald

A
  • *adj. 秃顶的；光秃的；单调的；无装饰的
    vi. 变秃
    n. (Bald)人名；(英)鲍尔德；(德、法、波)巴尔德
  • ——————————————**
  1. grow bald; lose hair on one’s head
  2. with no effort to conceal
  3. lacking hair on all or most of the scalp
  4. without the natural or usual covering
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7
Q

barrier

A
  • *n. 障碍物，屏障；界线
    vt. 把…关入栅栏
    n. (Barrier)人名；(法)巴里耶
  • ——————————————**
  1. a structure or object that impedes free movement
  2. any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
  3. anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access
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8
Q

bolster

A
  • *n. 支持；长枕
    vt. 支持；支撑
    n. (Bolster)人名；(英)博尔斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. a pillow that is often put across a bed underneath the regular pillows
  2. support and strengthen
  3. prop up with a pillow or bolster
  4. add padding to
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9
Q

cargo

A
  • *n. 货物，船货
    n. (Cargo)人名；(英、西)卡戈
  • ——————————————**
  1. goods carried by a large vehicle
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10
Q

carve

A
  • *vt. 雕刻；切开；开创
    vi. 切开；做雕刻工作
    n. (Carve)人名；(西、瑞典)卡韦
  • ——————————————**
  1. form by carving
  2. engrave or cut by chipping away at a surface
  3. cut to pieces
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11
Q

ceramic

A
  • *adj. 陶瓷的；陶器的；制陶艺术的
    n. 陶瓷；陶瓷制品
  • ——————————————**
  1. an artifact made of hard brittle material produced from nonmetallic minerals by firing at high temperatures
  2. of or relating to or made from a ceramic
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12
Q

commitment

A
  • *n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身
  • ——————————————**
  1. the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose
  2. the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action
  3. an engagement by contract involving financial obligation
  4. a message that makes a pledge
  5. the official act of consigning a person to confinement (as in a prison or mental hospital)
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13
Q

conclude

A
  • *vt. 推断；决定，作结论；结束
    vi. 推断；断定；决定
  • ——————————————**
  1. decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion
  2. bring to a close
  3. reach a conclusion after a discussion or deliberation
  4. come to a close
  5. reach agreement on
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14
Q

confer

A
  • *vt. 授予；给予
    vi. 协商
    n. (Confer)人名；(英)康弗
  • ——————————————**
  1. have a conference in order to talk something over
  2. present
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15
Q

crawl

A
  • *vi. 爬行；匍匐行进
    vt. 爬行；缓慢地行进
    n. 爬行；养鱼池；匍匐而行
  • ——————————————**
  1. a very slow movement
  2. a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick
  3. a slow mode of locomotion on hands and knees or dragging the body
  4. move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground
  5. feel as if crawling with insects
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16
Q

deception

A
  • *n. 欺骗，欺诈；骗术
  • ——————————————**
  1. a misleading falsehood
  2. the act of deceiving
  3. an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers
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17
Q

destructive

A
  • *adj. 破坏的；毁灭性的；有害的，消极的
  • ——————————————**
  1. causing destruction or much damage
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18
Q

dictate

A
  • *vt. 命令；口述；使听写
    vi. 口述；听写
    n. 命令；指示
  • ——————————————**
  1. an authoritative rule
  2. a guiding principle
  3. issue commands or orders for
  4. say out loud for the purpose of recording
  5. rule as a dictator
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19
Q

division

A
  • *n. [数] 除法；部门；分割；师（军队）；赛区
  • ——————————————**
  1. an army unit large enough to sustain combat
  2. one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole
  3. the act or process of dividing
  4. an administrative unit in government or business
  5. an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of multiplication; the quotient of two numbers is computed
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20
Q

editorial

A
  • *adj. 编辑的；社论的
    n. 社论
  • ——————————————**
  1. an article giving opinions or perspectives
  2. of or relating to an article stating opinions or giving perspectives
  3. relating to or characteristic of an editor
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21
Q

electrode

A
  • *n. [电] 电极；电焊条
  • ——————————————**
  1. a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuit
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22
Q

emit

A
  • *vt. 发出，放射；发行；发表
  • ——————————————**
  1. expel (gases or odors)
  2. give off, send forth, or discharge; as of light, heat, or radiation, vapor, etc.
  3. express audibly; utter sounds (not necessarily words)
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23
Q

enactment

A
  • *n. 制定，颁布；通过；法令
  • ——————————————**
  1. the passing of a law by a legislative body
  2. a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body
  3. acting the part of a character on stage; dramatically representing the character by speech and action and gesture
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24
Q

erect

A
  • *vt. 使竖立；建造；安装
    adj. 竖立的；笔直的；因性刺激而勃起的
    vi. 直立；勃起
  • ——————————————**
  1. construct, build, or erect
  2. cause to rise up
  3. upright in position or posture
  4. of sexual organs; stiff and rigid
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25
Q

excursion

A
  • *n. 偏移；远足；短程旅行；离题；游览，游览团
  • ——————————————**
  1. a journey taken for pleasure
  2. wandering from the main path of a journey
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26
Q

exhaust

A
  • *vt. 排出；耗尽；使精疲力尽；彻底探讨
    vi. 排气
    n. 排气；废气；排气装置
  • ——————————————**
  1. gases ejected from an engine as waste products
  2. system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharged
  3. wear out completely
  4. use up (resources or materials)
  5. deplete
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27
Q

favor

A
  • *vt. 赞成；喜欢；像；赐予；证实
    n. 喜爱；欢心；好感
  • ——————————————**
  1. an act of gracious kindness
  2. an advantage to the benefit of someone or something
  3. an inclination to approve
  4. a feeling of favorable regard
  5. souvenir consisting of a small gift given to a guest at a party
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28
Q

favored

A
  • *adj. 有利的；受到优待的；受到喜爱的
    v. 赞成；宠爱；帮助（favor的过去分词）；给…以恩惠
  • ——————————————**
  1. preferred above all others and treated with partiality
  2. blessed with advantages
  3. supremely favored or fortunate
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29
Q

ferment

A
  • *n. 发酵；酵素；动乱
    vi. 发酵；动乱
    vt. 使发酵；酝酿；使动乱
    n. (Ferment)人名；(法)费尔芒
  • ——————————————**
  1. a state of agitation or turbulent change or development
  2. a substance capable of bringing about fermentation
  3. a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
  4. be in an agitated or excited state
  5. work up into agitation or excitement
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30
Q

fertile

A
  • *adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的
    n. 肥沃，多产
  • ——————————————**
  1. capable of reproducing
  2. intellectually productive
  3. bearing in abundance especially offspring
  4. marked by great fruitfulness
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31
Q

fertilizer

A
  • *n. [肥料] 肥料；受精媒介物；促进发展者
  • ——————————————**
  1. any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile
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32
Q

forecast

A
  • *vt. 预报，预测；预示
    n. 预测，预报；预想
    vi. 进行预报，作预测
  • ——————————————**
  1. a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
  2. predict in advance
  3. judge to be probable
  4. indicate by signs
33
Q

genesis

A
  • *n. 发生；起源
    n. (Genesis)人名；(英)吉妮西丝
  • ——————————————**
  1. a coming into being
  2. the first book of the Old Testament: tells of creation; Adam and Eve; the Fall of Man; Cain and Abel; Noah and the flood; God’s covenant with Abraham; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob and Esau; Joseph and his brothers
34
Q

healing

A
  • *adj. 能治愈的
    n. 康复
    v. 治疗（heal的现在分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. the natural process by which the body repairs itself
  2. tending to cure or restore to health
35
Q

inactivate

A
  • *vt. 使不活动；使不活泼；阻止活动
  • ——————————————**
  1. release from military service or remove from the active list of military service
  2. make inactive
36
Q

insult

A
  • *vt. 侮辱；辱骂；损害
    n. 侮辱；凌辱；无礼
  • ——————————————**
  1. a rude expression intended to offend or hurt
  2. a deliberately offensive act or something producing the effect of deliberate disrespect
  3. treat, mention, or speak to rudely
37
Q

invertebrate

A
  • *adj. 无脊椎的；无骨气的
    n. 无脊椎动物；无骨气的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification
  2. lacking a backbone or spinal column
38
Q

latter

A
  • *adj. 后者的；近来的；后面的；较后的
    n. (Latter)人名；(英、德、捷)拉特
  • ——————————————**
  1. the second of two or the second mentioned of two
  2. referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)
39
Q

listless

A
  • *adj. 倦怠的；无精打采的；百无聊赖的
  • ——————————————**
  1. lacking zest or vivacity
  2. marked by low spirits; showing no enthusiasm
40
Q

mature

A
  • *adj. 成熟的；充分考虑的；到期的；成年人的
    vi. 成熟；到期
    vt. 使…成熟；使…长成；慎重作出
  • ——————————————**
  1. develop and reach maturity; undergo maturation
  2. develop and work out fully in one’s mind
  3. become due for repayment
  4. cause to ripen or develop fully
  5. grow old or older
41
Q

mechanist

A
  • *n. 机械论者；机械技师
  • ——————————————**
  1. a philosopher who subscribes to the doctrine of mechanism
42
Q

merchandise

A
  • *n. 商品；货物
    vt. 买卖；推销
    vi. 经商
  • ——————————————**
  1. commodities offered for sale
  2. engage in the trade of
43
Q

minority

A
  • *n. 少数民族；少数派；未成年
    adj. 少数的；属于少数派的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group of which it is a part
  2. being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts
  3. any age prior to the legal age
44
Q

orbit

A
  • *n. 轨道；眼眶；势力范围；生活常规
    vi. 盘旋；绕轨道运行
    vt. 绕…轨道而行
  • ——————————————**
  1. the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another
  2. a particular environment or walk of life
  3. an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:
  4. the path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom
  5. the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball
45
Q

packed

A
  • *adj. （常用来构成复合词）充满…的，塞满了…的
    v. [包装] 包装（pack的过去分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. filled to capacity
  2. pressed together or compressed
46
Q

parking

A
  • *n. 停车
    adj. 停车的
    v. 停车（park的ing形式）
    n. (Parking)人名；(英)帕金
  • ——————————————**
  1. space in which vehicles can be parked
  2. the act of maneuvering a vehicle into a location where it can be left temporarily
47
Q

pave

A
  • *vt. 铺设；安排；作铺设之用
    n. (Pave)人名；(西、塞)帕韦
  • ——————————————**
  1. a setting with precious stones so closely set that no metal shows
  2. cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic
48
Q

personal

A
  • *adj. 个人的；身体的；亲自的
    n. 人事消息栏；人称代名词
  • ——————————————**
  1. a short newspaper article about a particular person or group
  2. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
  3. particular to a given individual
  4. of or arising from personality
  5. intimately concerning a person’s body or physical being
49
Q

preliminary

A
  • *n. 准备；预赛；初步措施
    adj. 初步的；开始的；预备的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a minor match preceding the main event
  2. something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows
  3. designed to orient or acquaint with a situation before proceeding
50
Q

psychology

A
  • *n. 心理学；心理状态
  • ——————————————**
  1. the science of mental life
51
Q

receptacle

A
  • *n. [植] 花托；容器；插座
  • ——————————————**
  1. a container that is used to put or keep things in
  2. enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts
  3. an electrical (or electronic) fitting that is connected to a source of power and equipped to receive an insert
52
Q

rehearse

A
  • *vt. 排练；预演
    vi. 排练；演习
  • ——————————————**
  1. engage in a rehearsal (of)
53
Q

relieve

A
  • *vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心
  • ——————————————**
  1. provide physical relief, as from pain
  2. free someone temporarily from his or her obligations
  3. grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to
  4. lessen the intensity of or calm
  5. save from ruin, destruction, or harm
54
Q

resist

A
  • *vi. 抵抗，抗拒；忍耐
    vt. 抵抗；忍耐，忍住
    n. [助剂] 抗蚀剂；防染剂
  • ——————————————**
  1. elude, especially in a baffling way
  2. stand up or offer resistance to somebody or something
  3. express opposition through action or words
  4. withstand the force of something
  5. resist immunologically the introduction of some foreign tissue or organ
55
Q

revolt

A
  • *vi. 反抗；反叛；反感，厌恶
    vt. 使反感；使恶心
    n. 反抗；叛乱；反感
  • ——————————————**
  1. organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another
  2. make revolution
  3. fill with distaste
  4. cause aversion in; offend the moral sense of
56
Q

rhythm

A
  • *n. 节奏；韵律
  • ——————————————**
  1. the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music
  2. recurring at regular intervals
  3. an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs
  4. the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements
  5. natural family planning in which ovulation is assumed to occur 14 days before the onset of a period (the fertile period would be assumed to extend from day 10 through day 18 of her cycle)
57
Q

ribbon

A
  • *n. 带；缎带；（勋章等的）绶带；带状物；勋表
    vi. 形成带状
    vt. 把…撕成条带；用缎带装饰
  • ——————————————**
  1. any long object resembling a thin line
  2. an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event
  3. a long strip of inked material for making characters on paper with a typewriter
  4. notion consisting of a narrow strip of fine material used for trimming
58
Q

segregate

A
  • *vt. 使隔离；使分离；在…实行种族隔离
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who is or has been segregated
  2. separate by race or religion; practice a policy of racial segregation
  3. divide from the main body or mass and collect
  4. separate or isolate (one thing) from another and place in a group apart from others
59
Q

significant

A
  • *adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的
    n. 象征；有意义的事物
  • ——————————————**
  1. important in effect or meaning
  2. fairly large
  3. too closely correlated to be attributed to chance and therefore indicating a systematic relation
  4. rich in significance or implication
60
Q

skeptical

A
  • *adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的
  • ——————————————**
  1. denying or questioning the tenets of especially a religion
  2. marked by or given to doubt
61
Q

solution

A
  • *n. 解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答
  • ——————————————**
  1. a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution
  2. a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem
  3. a method for solving a problem
  4. the set of values that give a true statement when substituted into an equation
  5. the successful action of solving a problem
62
Q

soprano

A
  • *n. 女高音；最高音部；女高音歌手
    adj. 女高音的；童声高音的
    n. (Soprano)人名；(意)索普拉诺
  • ——————————————**
  1. a female singer
  2. the highest female voice; the voice of a boy before puberty
  3. the pitch range of the highest female voice
  4. having or denoting a high range
63
Q

spun

A
  • *adj. 纺成的
    v. 纺（spin的过去分词）；旋转
  • ——————————————**
  1. a swift whirling motion (usually of a missile)
  2. the act of rotating rapidly
  3. a short drive in a car
  4. rapid descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral
  5. a distinctive interpretation (especially as used by politicians to sway public opinion)
64
Q

sterile

A
  • *adj. 不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；枯燥乏味的
  • ——————————————**
  1. incapable of reproducing
  2. free of or using methods to keep free of pathological microorganisms
  3. deficient in originality or creativity; lacking powers of invention
65
Q

subtle

A
  • *adj. 微妙的；精细的；敏感的；狡猾的；稀薄的
  • ——————————————**
  1. be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind
  2. faint and difficult to analyze
  3. able to make fine distinctions
  4. working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way
66
Q

survey

A
  • *n. 调查；测量；审视；纵览
    vt. 调查；勘测；俯瞰
    vi. 测量土地
  • ——————————————**
  1. a detailed critical inspection
  2. short descriptive summary (of events)
  3. the act of looking or seeing or observing
  4. consider in a comprehensive way
  5. look over in a comprehensively, inspect
67
Q

swallow

A
  • *vt. 忍受；吞没
    vi. 吞下；咽下
    n. 燕子；一次吞咽的量
    n. (Swallow)人名；(英)斯沃洛
  • ——————————————**
  1. a small amount of liquid food
  2. the act of swallowing
  3. small long-winged songbird noted for swift graceful flight and the regularity of its migrations
  4. pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking
  5. engulf and destroy
68
Q

thorn

A
  • *n. 刺；[植] 荆棘
    n. (Thorn)人名；(柬)通；(英)索恩；(法、德、丹、瑞典)托恩
  • ——————————————**
  1. something that causes irritation and annoyance
  2. a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf
  3. a Germanic character of runic origin
69
Q

thrive

A
  • *vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长
  • ——————————————**
  1. grow stronger
  2. gain in wealth
70
Q

trash

A
  • *n. 垃圾；废物
    vt. 丢弃；修剪树枝
  • ——————————————**
  1. worthless material that is to be disposed of
  2. worthless people
  3. nonsensical talk or writing
  4. an amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine) used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the nervous system and as an appetite suppressant
  5. dispose of (something useless or old)
71
Q

troupe

A
  • *n. 剧团；一班；一团
    vi. 巡回演出
    n. (Troupe)人名；(英)特鲁普
  • ——————————————**
  1. organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical)
72
Q

twine

A
  • *vt. 使缠绕；使交织；编饰
    vi. 缠绕；搓；交织；编饰
    n. 麻线；细绳；搓；合股线
  • ——————————————**
  1. a lightweight cord
  2. spin or twist together so as to form a cord
  3. coil around
  4. wrap or coil around
  5. make by twisting together or intertwining
73
Q

utmost

A
  • *n. 极限；最大可能
    adj. 极度的；最远的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the greatest possible degree
  2. of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity
  3. highest in extent or degree
  4. (comparatives of `far’) most remote in space or time or order
74
Q

vacancy

A
  • *n. 空缺；空位；空白；空虚
  • ——————————————**
  1. being unoccupied
  2. an empty area or space
75
Q

valid

A
  • *adj. 有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的
  • ——————————————**
  1. well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force
  2. still legally acceptable
76
Q

vapor

A
  • *n. 蒸汽；烟雾
    vt. 使……蒸发；使……汽化
    vi. 蒸发；吹牛；沮丧
  • ——————————————**
  1. a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance
  2. the process of becoming a vapor
77
Q

verbal

A
  • *adj. 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的
    n. 动词的非谓语形式
  • ——————————————**
  1. communicated in the form of words
  2. of or relating to or formed from words in general
  3. of or relating to or formed from a verb
  4. relating to or having facility in the use of words
  5. expressed in spoken words
78
Q

voyage

A
  • *n. 航行；航程；旅行记
    vi. 航行；航海
    vt. 飞过；渡过
  • ——————————————**
  1. an act of traveling by water
  2. a journey to some distant place
  3. travel by boat propelled by wind or by other means
79
Q

yield

A
  • *vt. 屈服；出产；放弃
    vi. 屈服，投降
    n. 产量；收益
  • ——————————————**
  1. production of a certain amount
  2. an amount of a product
  3. the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property
  4. the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)
  5. be the cause or source of

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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