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TOEFL-45 > List-27 > Flashcards

List-27 Flashcards

1
Q

adopt

A
  • *vt. 采取；接受；收养；正式通过
    vi. 采取；过继
  • ——————————————**
  1. choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans
  2. take up and practice as one’s own
  3. take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities
  4. take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect
  5. take into one’s family
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2
Q

allude

A
  • *vi. 暗指，转弯抹角地说到；略为提及，顺便提到
  • ——————————————**
  1. make a more or less disguised reference to
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3
Q

alumnus

A
  • *n. 男校友；男毕业生
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)
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4
Q

amplify

A
  • *vt. 放大，扩大；增强；详述
    vi. 详述
  • ——————————————**
  1. increase in size, volume or significance
  2. to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth
  3. exaggerate or make bigger
  4. increase the volume of
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5
Q

anarchist

A

n. 无政府主义者
无政府主义的
——————————————-

  1. an advocate of anarchism
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6
Q

bleach

A
  • *vt. 使漂白，使变白
    vi. 变白，漂白
    n. 漂白剂
  • ——————————————**
  1. the whiteness that results from removing the color from something
  2. an agent that makes things white or colorless
  3. the act of whitening something by bleaching it (exposing it to sunlight or using a chemical bleaching agent)
  4. remove color from
  5. make whiter or lighter
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7
Q

board

A
  • *n. 董事会；木板；甲板；膳食
    vt. 上（飞机、车、船等）；用板盖上；给提供膳宿
    vi. 寄宿
    n. (Board)人名；(英、西)博德
  • ——————————————**
  1. a committee having supervisory powers
  2. a flat piece of material designed for a special purpose
  3. a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes
  4. a vertical surface on which information can be displayed to public view
  5. a flat portable surface (usually rectangular) designed for board games
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8
Q

brilliance

A
  • *n. 光辉；才华；宏伟
  • ——————————————**
  1. great brightness
  2. the quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand
  3. unusual mental ability
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9
Q

checked

A
  • *adj. 选中的；格子花纹的
    v. 检查（check的过去式和过去分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. held back from some action especially by force
  2. patterned with alternating squares of color
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10
Q

choreograph

A
  • *vt. 设计舞蹈动作；为…编舞
    vi. 设计舞蹈动作
  • ——————————————**
  1. compose a sequence of dance steps, often to music
  2. plan and oversee the development and details of
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11
Q

clamor

A
  • *n. 喧闹，叫嚷；大声的要求
    vi. 喧嚷，发喧嚣声；持续地喊声
    vt. 喧嚷着说出
  • ——————————————**
  1. a loud harsh or strident noise
  2. loud and persistent outcry from many people
  3. make loud demands
  4. utter or proclaim insistently and noisily
  5. compel someone to do something by insistent clamoring
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12
Q

collapse

A
  • *vi. 倒塌；瓦解；暴跌
    vt. 使倒塌，使崩溃；使萎陷
    n. 倒塌；失败；衰竭
  • ——————————————**
  1. an abrupt failure of function or health
  2. a mishap caused by something suddenly falling down or caving in
  3. the act of throwing yourself down
  4. a sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures)
  5. break down, literally or metaphorically
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13
Q

condensation

A
  • *n. 冷凝；凝结；压缩
  • ——————————————**
  1. (psychoanalysis) an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams
  2. the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state
  3. atmospheric moisture that has condensed because of cold
  4. the process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together
  5. a shortened version of a written work
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14
Q

contain

A
  • *vt. 包含；控制；容纳；牵制（敌军）
    vi. 含有；自制
  • ——————————————**
  1. include or contain; have as a component
  2. contain or hold; have within
  3. lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits
  4. be divisible by
  5. be capable of holding or containing
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15
Q

contribute

A

vt. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献
vi. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献
[ 过去式 contributed 过去分词 contributed 现在分词 contributing
——————————————-

  1. bestow a quality on
  2. contribute to some cause
  3. be conducive to
  4. provide
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16
Q

corrosion

A
  • *n. 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败
  • ——————————————**
  1. a state of deterioration in metals caused by oxidation or chemical action
  2. erosion by chemical action
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17
Q

counter

A
  • *n. 柜台；对立面；计数器；（某些棋盘游戏的）筹码
    vt. 反击，还击；反向移动，对着干；反驳，回答
    vi. 逆向移动，对着干；反驳
    adj. 相反的
    adv. 反方向地；背道而驰地
  • ——————————————**
  1. table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted
  2. game equipment used in various card or board games
  3. a calculator that keeps a record of the number of times something happens
  4. a piece of furniture that stands at the side of a dining room; has shelves and drawers
  5. a person who counts things
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18
Q

creative

A
  • *adj. 创造性的
  • ——————————————**
  1. having the ability or power to create
  2. promoting construction or creation
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19
Q

ease

A
  • *vt. 减轻，缓和；使安心
    n. 轻松，舒适；安逸，悠闲
    vi. 减轻，缓和；放松；灵活地移动
  • ——————————————**
  1. freedom from difficulty or hardship or effort
  2. a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state
  3. the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress)
  4. freedom from constraint or embarrassment
  5. freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility)
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20
Q

ecological

A
  • *adj. 生态的，生态学的
  • ——————————————**
  1. characterized by the interdependence of living organisms in an environment
  2. of or relating to the science of ecology
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21
Q

enterprise

A
  • *n. 企业；事业；进取心；事业心
  • ——————————————**
  1. a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)
  2. an organization created for business ventures
  3. readiness to embark on bold new ventures
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22
Q

exorbitant

A
  • *adj. （要价等）过高的；（性格等）过分的；不在法律范围之内的
  • ——————————————**
  1. greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation
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23
Q

exponent

A
  • *n. [数] 指数；典型；说明者，说明物
    adj. 说明的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
  2. someone who expounds and interprets or explains
  3. a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself
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24
Q

flavor

A
  • *n. 情味，风味；香料；滋味
    vt. 加味于
  • ——————————————**
  1. the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people
  2. the taste experience when a savoury condiment is taken into the mouth
  3. (physics) the six kinds of quarks
  4. lend flavor to
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25
Q

foliage

A
  • *n. 植物；叶子（总称）
  • ——————————————**
  1. the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
  2. (architecture) leaf-like architectural ornament
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26
Q

former

A
  • *adj. 从前的，前者的；前任的
    n. 模型，样板；起形成作用的人
    n. (Former)人名；(法)福尔梅；(德、捷)福尔默
  • ——————————————**
  1. the first of two or the first mentioned of two
  2. referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)
  3. belonging to some prior time
  4. (used especially of persons) of the immediate past
  5. belonging to the distant past
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27
Q

graphic

A
  • *adj. 形象的；图表的；绘画似的
  • ——————————————**
  1. an image that is generated by a computer
  2. written or drawn or engraved
  3. describing nudity or sexual activity in graphic detail
  4. of or relating to the graphic arts
  5. relating to or presented by a graph
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28
Q

handle

A
  • *n. [建] 把手；柄；手感；口实
    vt. 处理；操作；运用；买卖；触摸
    vi. 搬运；易于操纵
  • ——————————————**
  1. the appendage to an object that is designed to be held in order to use or move it
  2. be in charge of, act on, or dispose of
  3. interact in a certain way
  4. deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression
  5. touch, lift, or hold with the hands
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29
Q

homing

A
  • *adj. 回家的；自动导引的；有返回性的
    n. 归航；动物的返回性
    v. 回家（home的ing形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. orienting or directing homeward or to a destination
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30
Q

imbibe

A
  • *vt. 吸收，接受；喝；吸入
  • ——————————————**
  1. take in, also metaphorically
  2. take (gas, light or heat) into a solution
  3. take in liquids
  4. receive into the mind and retain
31
Q

indifference

A
  • *n. 漠不关心；冷淡；不重视；中立
  • ——————————————**
  1. unbiased impartial unconcern
  2. apathy demonstrated by an absence of emotional reactions
  3. the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally
  4. the trait of remaining calm and seeming not to care; a casual lack of concern
32
Q

infectious

A
  • *adj. 传染的；传染性的；易传染的
  • ——————————————**
  1. caused by infection or capable of causing infection
  2. easily spread
  3. of or relating to infection
33
Q

influenza

A
  • *n. [内科] 流行性感冒（简写flu）；家畜流行性感冒
  • ——————————————**
  1. an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
34
Q

invade

A
  • *vt. 侵略；侵袭；侵扰；涌入
    vi. 侵略；侵入；侵袭；侵犯
  • ——————————————**
  1. march aggressively into another’s territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation
  2. to intrude upon, infringe, encroach on, violate
  3. occupy in large numbers or live on a host
  4. penetrate or assault, in a harmful or injurious way
35
Q

meteor

A
  • *n. 流星；[气象] 大气现象
  • ——————————————**
  1. a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth’s atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode
  2. (astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth’s atmosphere
36
Q

microscopic

A
  • *adj. 微观的；用显微镜可见的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to or used in microscopy
  2. too small to be seen except under a microscope
  3. extremely precise with great attention to details
  4. infinitely or immeasurably small
37
Q

mighty

A
  • *adj. 有力的；强有力的；有势力的
    adv. 很；极；非常
    n. 有势力的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. having or showing great strength or force or intensity
  2. (Southern regional intensive) very
38
Q

minimum

A
  • *n. 最小值；最低限度；最小化；最小量
    adj. 最小的；最低的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the smallest possible quantity
  2. the point on a curve where the tangent changes from negative on the left to positive on the right
  3. the least possible
39
Q

naturalist

A
  • *n. 自然主义者；博物学者；（英）动物标本剥制者；买卖玩赏动物的商人
    adj. 自然的（等于naturalistic）；自然主义的；博物学的
  • ——————————————**
  1. an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms
  2. a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology)
40
Q

negate

A
  • *vt. 否定；取消；使无效
    vi. 否定；否认；无效
    n. 对立面；反面
  • ——————————————**
  1. be in contradiction with
  2. deny the truth of
  3. prove negative; show to be false
  4. make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of
41
Q

nevertheless

A
  • *adv. 然而，不过；虽然如此
    conj. 然而，不过
  • ——————————————**
  1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
42
Q

novelty

A
  • *n. 新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品
  • ——————————————**
  1. originality by virtue of being refreshingly novel
  2. originality by virtue of being new and surprising
  3. a small inexpensive mass-produced article
  4. cheap showy jewelry or ornament on clothing
43
Q

occasional

A
  • *adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的
  • ——————————————**
  1. occurring from time to time
  2. occurring or appearing at usually irregular intervals
  3. occuring from time to time
44
Q

origin

A
  • *n. 起源；原点；出身；开端
  • ——————————————**
  1. the place where something begins, where it springs into being
  2. properties attributable to your ancestry
  3. an event that is a beginning; a first part or stage of subsequent events
  4. the point of intersection of coordinate axes; where the values of the coordinates are all zero
  5. the descendants of one individual
45
Q

palatable

A
  • *adj. 美味的，可口的；愉快的
  • ——————————————**
  1. acceptable to the taste or mind
46
Q

panel

A
  • *n. 仪表板；嵌板；座谈小组，全体陪审员
    vt. 嵌镶板
    n. (Panel)人名；(英、法)帕内尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. sheet that forms a distinct (usually flat) section or component of something
  2. a committee appointed to judge a competition
  3. (law) a group of people summoned for jury service (from whom a jury will be chosen)
  4. a group of people gathered for a special purpose as to plan or discuss an issue or judge a contest etc
  5. a pad placed under a saddle
47
Q

patron

A
  • *n. 赞助人；保护人；主顾
    n. (Patron)人名；(英)佩特伦；(法、意、罗)帕特龙
  • ——————————————**
  1. a regular customer
  2. the proprietor of an inn
  3. someone who supports or champions something
48
Q

penicillin

A
  • *n. 盘尼西林（青霉素）
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds (or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases
49
Q

pest

A
  • *n. 害虫；有害之物；讨厌的人
    n. (Pest)人名；(德、捷)佩斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. a serious (sometimes fatal) infection of rodents caused by Yersinia pestis and accidentally transmitted to humans by the bite of a flea that has bitten an infected animal
  2. any epidemic disease with a high death rate
  3. a persistently annoying person
  4. any unwanted and destructive insect or other animal that attacks food or crops or livestock etc.
50
Q

phase

A
  • *n. 相；阶段；[天] 位相
    vt. 使定相；逐步执行
    vi. 逐步前进
  • ——————————————**
  1. (physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary
  2. any distinct time period in a sequence of events
  3. a particular point in the time of a cycle; measured from some arbitrary zero and expressed as an angle
  4. (astronomy) the particular appearance of a body’s state of illumination (especially one of the recurring shapes of the part of Earth’s moon that is illuminated by the sun)
  5. arrange in phases or stages
51
Q

postage

A
  • *n. 邮资，邮费
  • ——————————————**
  1. the charge for mailing something
  2. a token that postal fees have been paid
52
Q

preferable

A
  • *adj. 更好的，更可取的；更合意的
  • ——————————————**
  1. more desirable than another
53
Q

quality

A
  • *n. 质量，[统计] 品质；特性；才能
    adj. 高品质的；棒极了
  • ——————————————**
  1. an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone
  2. a degree or grade of excellence or worth
  3. a characteristic property that defines the apparent individual nature of something
  4. (music) the distinctive property of a complex sound (a voice or noise or musical sound)
  5. high social status
54
Q

radically

A
  • *adv. 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式
  • ——————————————**
  1. in a radical manner
55
Q

rear

A
  • *vt. 培养；树立；栽种
    vi. 暴跳；高耸
    adv. 向后；在后面
    adj. 后方的；后面的；背面的
    n. 后面；屁股；后方部队
  • ——————————————**
  1. the back of a military formation or procession
  2. the side of an object that is opposite its front
  3. the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
  4. the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on
  5. the side that goes last or is not normally seen
56
Q

review

A
  • *n. 回顾；复习；评论；检讨；检阅
    vt. 回顾；检查；复审
    vi. 回顾；复习功课；写评论
  • ——————————————**
  1. a new appraisal or evaluation
  2. an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)
  3. a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment
  4. (accounting) a service (less exhaustive than an audit) that provides some assurance to interested parties as to the reliability of financial data
  5. a variety show with topical sketches and songs and dancing and comedians
57
Q

ruin

A
  • *n. 废墟；毁坏；灭亡
    vt. 毁灭；使破产
    vi. 破产；堕落；被毁灭
    n. (Ruin)人名；(德、意、芬)鲁因；(法)吕安
  • ——————————————**
  1. an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction
  2. a ruined building
  3. the process of becoming dilapidated
  4. an event that results in destruction
  5. failure that results in a loss of position or reputation
58
Q

scientific

A
  • *adj. 科学的，系统的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to the practice of science
  2. conforming with the principles or methods used in science
59
Q

section

A
  • *n. 截面；部分；部门；地区；章节
    vi. 被切割成片；被分成部分
    vt. 把…分段；将…切片；对…进行划分
  • ——————————————**
  1. a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)
  2. a very thin slice (of tissue or mineral or other substance) for examination under a microscope
  3. a distinct region or subdivision of a territorial or political area or community or group of people
  4. one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object
  5. a small team of policemen working as part of a police platoon
60
Q

silversmith

A
  • *n. 银器匠
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who makes or repairs articles of silver
61
Q

statesman

A
  • *n. 政治家；国务活动家
  • ——————————————**
  1. a man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs
62
Q

subject

A
  • *n. 主题；科目；[语] 主语；国民
    adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的
    vt. 使…隶属；使屈从于…
  • ——————————————**
  1. the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
  2. some situation or event that is thought about
  3. a branch of knowledge
  4. something (a person or object or scene) selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation
  5. a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation
63
Q

sustenance

A
  • *n. 食物；生计；支持
  • ——————————————**
  1. a source of materials to nourish the body
  2. the financial means whereby one lives
  3. the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence
64
Q

synthesize

A
  • *vt. 合成；综合
    vi. 合成；综合
  • ——————————————**
  1. combine so as to form a more complex, product
  2. combine and form a synthesis
65
Q

systematic

A
  • *adj. 系统的；体系的；有系统的；[图情] 分类的；一贯的，惯常的
  • ——————————————**
  1. characterized by order and planning
  2. not haphazard
66
Q

toed

A
  • *adj. 斜着钉进去的；有趾的
    v. 斜钉；装尖；用脚尖踢（toe的过去分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. having a toe or toes of a specified kind; often used in combination
67
Q

tolerant

A
  • *adj. 宽容的；容忍的；有耐药力的
  • ——————————————**
  1. showing respect for the rights or opinions or practices of others
  2. tolerant and forgiving under provocation
  3. showing or characterized by broad-mindedness
  4. able to tolerate environmental conditions or physiological stress
  5. showing the capacity for endurance
68
Q

tread

A
  • *n. 踏；胎面；步态；鞋底；踏板；梯级
    vt. 踏；踩；践踏；跳；踩出
    vi. 踏；踩；行走；交尾
  • ——————————————**
  1. a step in walking or running
  2. the grooved surface of a pneumatic tire
  3. the part (as of a wheel or shoe) that makes contact with the ground
  4. structural member consisting of the horizontal part of a stair or step
  5. put down or press the foot, place the foot
69
Q

tribal

A
  • *adj. 部落的；种族的
    n. (Tribal)人名；(法)特里巴尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating to or characteristic of a tribe
70
Q

tutor

A
  • *vt. 辅导；约束
    n. 导师；家庭教师；助教
    vi. 当家庭教师；（美）在家庭教师指导下学习
  • ——————————————**
  1. a person who gives private instruction (as in singing or acting)
  2. be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction
  3. act as a guardian to someone
71
Q

ultimate

A
  • *adj. 最终的；极限的；根本的
    n. 终极；根本；基本原则
  • ——————————————**
  1. the finest or most superior quality of its kind
  2. furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme
  3. being the last or concluding element of a series
72
Q

untapped

A
  • *adj. 未开发的；未使用的；塞子未开的
  • ——————————————**
  1. not subjected to tapping
  2. not drawn upon or used
73
Q

walnut

A
  • *n. 胡桃；胡桃木
    adj. 胡桃科植物的
  • ——————————————**
  1. nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell
  2. hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling
  3. any of various trees of the genus Juglans

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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