Opioid Receptor Partial Agonists (Mixed agonist-antagonist)

Question 1

What is Butorphanol (Stadol)?

Answer 1

Analgesic for severe pain, narcotic, ↓ cAMP, ↓ Ca influx & ↑ K efflux

Butorphanol is used primarily for managing severe pain and has specific mechanisms of action affecting cellular signaling.

Question 2

What is Buprenorphine (Buprenex)?

Answer 2

Analgesic for severe pain, narcotic, ↓ cAMP, ↓ Ca influx & ↑ K efflux

Buprenorphine is another medication used for severe pain relief and operates through similar mechanisms as Butorphanol.

Question 3

What is the effect of Butorphanol on cAMP levels?

Answer 3

↓ cAMP

This indicates that Butorphanol reduces cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in cells, impacting neurotransmitter release.

Question 4

What is the effect of Buprenorphine on calcium influx?

Answer 4

↓ Ca influx

This suggests that Buprenorphine decreases the entry of calcium ions into cells, which is crucial for various cellular functions.

Question 5

What is the effect of both Butorphanol and Buprenorphine on potassium efflux?

Answer 5

↑ K efflux

The increase in potassium efflux can lead to hyperpolarization of neurons, making them less excitable.