Respiration Lecture 06: Ventilation, Work and Breathing Strategies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Respiration Lecture 06: Ventilation, Work and Breathing Strategies Deck (35)
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0
Q

alveolar ventilation

A

how pumping actions affect PO2 and PCO2 in the alveolus

1
Q

ventilation

A

process by which the concentrations of O2 and CO2 are established

2
Q

minute ventilation =

A

breathing frequency X tidal volume. The amount of gas moved into and out of lung over time (L/min)

3
Q

2 major divisions of the lung

A

1) gas exchange area (respiratory zone)

2) gas conducting zone

4
Q

Which divisions of lung are ventilated and which participate in gas exchange?

A

Both ventilated; only respiratory zone part. in gas exchange

5
Q

VO2

A

rate that O2 is removed from the alveolus

6
Q

VCO2

A

rate CO2 is released into alveolus

7
Q

concentrations of alveolar gases compared to air

A

lower O2, higher CO2 than air

8
Q

Dead space volume (VD)

A

volume of air in conducting zone. Considered “wasted ventilation”

9
Q

Vt = what two volumes?

A

VD + VA (dead space volume + alveolar volume)

10
Q

Alveolar ventilation (V’A)

A

portion of the minute ventilation that is involved directly in refreshing the alveolar gas. V’A = VA * f . Directly related to concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the blood.

11
Q

Increased VD for same Vt –> V’A?

A

Decrease

12
Q

Most effective way to increase V’A?

A

Increase Vt and keep VD constant

13
Q

What does “arterial” refer to?

A

blood coming into L heart that’s been through the lung and participated in gas exchange

14
Q

What is rate at which CO2 is removed from the lung a fx of?

A

V’A and V’CO2

15
Q

Increased V’CO2 –> PACO2?

A

increases

16
Q

Increased V’A –> PACO2?

A

Decreases

17
Q

Review graph on page 37

A

:)

18
Q

Effect of FRC on oscillation of PCO2 and PO2

A

Decreased FRC leads to more rapid oscillations. FRC helps to stabilize O2 and CO2 concentrations over the total breathe

19
Q

What is the maximum level PAO2 can reach?

A

PiO2

20
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Breathing so much (increasing V’A) that alveolar PCO2 drops below 40mmHg

21
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decreasing alveolar ventilation so that alveolar PCO2 increases above 40mmHg

22
Q

V’A indirectly effects ARTERIAL O2 and CO2

A

:)

23
Q

end-expiratory sample

A

measurement of the PO2 and PCO2 in the last gas to leave the mouth at the end of an expiration. Contains alveolar gas without non-exchanged dead space air.

24
Q

Work

A

moving mass over a distance

25
Q

respiratory work =

A

area under pressure-volume curve

26
Q

inspiratory work

A

deviation to the right of the straight line on P/V curve during inspiration necessary to overcome resistance

27
Q

expiratory work

A

deviation to the left of the line during expiration on P/V curve necessary to overcome resistance

28
Q

mechanical work

A

work used to overcome the lung elastic recoil during inspiration. Stored as potential energy and is recovered during expiration

29
Q

what is elastic work related to?

A

volume

30
Q

what is resistive work related to?

A

flow and changes in frequency

31
Q

Total work =

A

elastic work + resistive work

32
Q

How do most animals minimize work for breathing?

A

adjust BOTH Vt and f to minimize work and optimize V’A

33
Q

What requires more work, increasing f or increasing Vt? Which produces greatest change in V’A?

A

increasing Vt. Increasing Vt has greatest effect on increasing V’A

34
Q

horse breathing strategy

A

splits Vt above and below FRC to avoid large active inspiratory volumes and decrease amt. of elastic muscle work needed. Have stiff chests. Also uses gait to assist breathing by inspiring during swing phase and expiring during forelimb strike.

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