Chap 13, Blood System, Terminology

Question 1

basophil

Answer 1

White blood cell (leukocyte) containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye. The suffix -phil means attraction to.

Question 2

hypochromic

Answer 2

Pert. to a deficiency in colour; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells. Hypochromic anemia is marked by a decreased concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Question 3

anticoagulant

Answer 3

Substance that prevents blood clotting.

Question 4

coagulopathy

Answer 4

Disease of blood clotting.

Question 5

cytology

Answer 5

Study of cells.

Question 6

eosinophil

Answer 6

A granular white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules that stain with eosin (a reddish dye).

Question 7

erythroblast

Answer 7

Immature, developing red blood cell. (-blast means immature).

Question 8

granulocyte

Answer 8

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules;eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil.

Question 9

hemolysis

Answer 9

Destruction of red blood cells. Destruction or breakdown of red blood cells. See hemolytic anemia.

Question 10

hematocrit

Answer 10

Percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood. The suffix -crit means to separate. The hematocrit gives the percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood.

Question 11

hemoglobinopathy

Answer 11

Disease or defect of hemoglobin production. Sickle cell anemia is an example.

Question 12

anisocytosis

Answer 12

Inequality in the size of red blood cells. An abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal (anis/o) size; -cytosis means an increase in the number of cells.

Question 13

magakaryocyte

Answer 13

Large, giant cell with a big nucleus; platelet precursor found in the bone marrow.

Question 14

leukopenia

Answer 14

Deficiency of white blood cells.

Question 15

monocyte

Answer 15

White blood cell with one large nucleus; capable of killing foreign substances by phagocytosis (ingestion). The cell has a single, rather than a multilobed, nucleus.

Question 16

morphology

Answer 16

Study of the shape or form of cells.

Question 17

myeloblast

Answer 17

Immature granulocytic white blood cell; a cell normally only found in the bone marrow. The suffix -blast indicates an immature cell.

Question 18

myelodysplasia

Answer 18

Abnormal (ineffective) production of myeloid cells in bone marrow. (-plasia means development, formation, growth; increased # of cell growth). This is a preleukemic condition.

Question 19

neutropenia

Answer 19

Deficiency in neutrophils. This term refers to neutrophils.

Question 20

polymorphonuclear

Answer 20

Pert. to a multilobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells).

Question 21

phagocyte

Answer 21

Cells that engulf another cell or foreign organism and destroys it.

Question 22

poikilocytosis

Answer 22

Variation in the shape of red blood cells. Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs in certain types of anemia.

Question 23

sideropenia

Answer 23

Deficiency of iron in the blood.

Question 24

spherocytosis

Answer 24

Increase in numbers of sphere-shaped RBCs, as in a type of anemia (hemolytic anemia). In this condition, the erythrocyte has a round shape, making the cell fragile and easity able to be destroyed.

Question 25

thrombocytopenia

Answer 25

Deficiency of clotting cells.

Question 26

plasmapheresis

Answer 26

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. A centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from the other parts of blood.

Question 27

leukapheresis

Answer 27

Mechanical separation of white blood cells from the rest of the blood.

Question 28

plateletpheresis

Answer 28

Separation of platelets from the rest of the blood. Note that the a of apheresis is dropped in this term. Platelets are removed from the donor's blood (and used in a patient), and the remainder of the blood is reinfused into the donor.

Question 29

monoblast

Answer 29

Immature monocyte.

Question 30

macrocytosis

Answer 30

Abnormal condition (slight increase in #'s) of macrocytes. Presence of large red blood cells in the blood. Macrocytes are erythrocytes that are larger (macro-) than normal.

Question 31

microcytosis

Answer 31

Abnormal condition. Increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells. These are erythrocytes that are smaller (micro-) than normal.

Question 32

leukemia

Answer 32

Disease of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells.

Question 33

fibrinogen

Answer 33

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process. Fibrin is a protein that forms the basis of a blood clot.

Question 34

hemoglobin

Answer 34

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Question 35

immunoglobulins

Answer 35

Antibodies (proteins) secreted by B-cell lymphocytes (plasma cells). Protein (antibody produced by plasma cells) that acts to protect the body by destroying antigens.

Question 36

thrombolytic therapy

Answer 36

Treatment with drugs to break down clots that may abnormally form in blood vessels. Used to dissolve clots.

Question 37

myeloid

Answer 37

Derived from bone marrow.

Question 38

thrombosis

Answer 38

Abnormal condition of clot formation in a blood vessel. Abnormal condition of clotting.

Question 39

granulocytopenia

Answer 39

Deficiency of granulocytes (white blood cells).

Question 40

pancytopenia

Answer 40

Deficiency of all blood cells.

Question 41

macrophage

Answer 41

Large phagocytic cell (in blood and tissues) that eats (engulfs) other cells. A large phagocyte that destroys worn-out red blood cells and foreign material. It is derived from a monocyte.

Question 42

eosinophilia

Answer 42

Increase in numbers of eosinophils in the bloodstream.

Question 43

neutrophilia

Answer 43

Increased numbers of neutrophils.

Question 44

electrophoresis

Answer 44

Technique used to separate serum proteins by electrical charge. Separation of proteins in a solution by using an electric current (used to separate protein fractions of serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid).

Question 45

hematopoiesis

Answer 45

Formation of blood cells.

Question 46

erythropoiesis

Answer 46

Formation of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to stimulate erythrocyte formation.

Question 47

myelopoiesis

Answer 47

Formation of bone marrow.

Question 48

hemostasis

Answer 48

Stoppage of bleeding or circulation of blood or stoppage of the flow of blood.

Question 49

neutrophil

Answer 49

A granular leukocyte; important disease-fighting cell.