Chap 17, The Eye, Terminology

Question 1

aque/o

Answer 1

water

Question 2

aqueous humor

Answer 2

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Question 3

blephar/o

Answer 3

eyelid (see palpebr/o)

Question 4

blepharitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the eyelid.

Question 5

blepharoptosis

Answer 5

Sagging or drooping eyelid; Also called ptosis. This condition may be caused by abnormalities of the eyelid muscle or by nerve damage. Pronounced blef-a-rop-TO-sis.

Question 6

conjunctiv/o

Answer 6

conjunctiva

Question 7

conjunctivitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Commonly called pinkeye, it occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen (allergic conjunctivitis), bacterial infection (bacterial conjunctivitis), or virus (viral conjunctivitis).

Question 8

cor/o

Answer 8

pupil (see pupill/o)

Question 9

anisocoria

Answer 9

Inequality in the size of pupils. Anis/o means unequal. Anisocoria may be an indication of neurologic injury or disease.

Question 10

corne/o

Answer 10

cornea (see kerat/o)

Question 11

corneal abrasion

Answer 11

Rubbing off of a part of the outer layer of the cornea.

Question 12

cycl/o

Answer 12

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

Question 13

cycloplegic

Answer 13

Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles.

Question 14

dacry/o

Answer 14

tears, tear duct (see lacrim/o)

Question 15

dacryoadenitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of tear glands.

Question 16

ir/o, irid/o

Answer 16

iris (colored portion of the eye around the pupil)

Question 17

iritis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the iris of the eye. Characterized by pain, sensitivity to light, and lacrimation. A corticosteroid is prescribed to reduce inflammation.

Question 18

iridic

Answer 18

Pertaining to the iris.

Question 19

iridectomy

Answer 19

Removal of a portion of the iris. Done to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body.

Question 20

kerat/o

Answer 20

cornea

Question 21

keratitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of the cornea. (Note that kerat/o here does not refer to keratin (protein in skin tissue).

Question 22

lacrim/o

Answer 22

tears

Question 23

lacrimal

Answer 23

Pertaining to tears.

Question 24

lacrimation

Answer 24

Production of tears.

Question 25

ocul/o

Answer 25

eye

Question 26

intraocular

Answer 26

Pertaining to within the eye.

Question 27

ophthalm/o

Answer 27

eye

Question 28

ophthalmologist

Answer 28

Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye.

Question 29

ophthalmic

Answer 29

Pertaining to the eye.

Question 30

ophthalmoplegia

Answer 30

Paralysis of muscles that move the eyeball.

Question 31

opt/o, optic/o

Answer 31

eye, vision

Question 32

optic

Answer 32

Pertaining to the eye or to vision.

Question 33

optometrist

Answer 33

Nonmedical professional who "measures" (examines) eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses; a doctor of optometry (OD).

Question 34

optician

Answer 34

Nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but cannot prescribe lenses.

Question 35

palpebr/o

Answer 35

eyelid

Question 36

palpebral

Answer 36

Pertaining to the eyelid.

Question 37

papill/o

Answer 37

optic disc; nipple-like

Question 38

papilledema

Answer 38

Swelling of the optic disc (associated with increased intracranial pressure) and hyperemia (increased blood flow).

Question 39

phac/o, phak/o

Answer 39

lens of the eye

Question 40

phacoemulsification

Answer 40

Technique of cataract extraction using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove the clouded lens.

Question 41

aphakia

Answer 41

Absence of the lens of the eye. This may be congenital, but most often it is the result of extraction of a cataract (clouded lens) without placement of an artificial lens (pseudophakia).

Question 42

pupill/o

Answer 42

pupil

Question 43

pupillary

Answer 43

Pertaining to the pupil.

Question 44

retin/o

Answer 44

retina

Question 45

retinitis

Answer 45

Inflammation of the retina.

Question 46

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 46

Genetic disorder (pigmented scar forms on the retina) that destroys retinal rods. Decreased vision and night blindness (nyctalopia) occur.

Question 47

hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 47

Disease of the retina associated with (secondary to) high blood pressure. Lesions such as narrowing of arterioles, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates (fluid leakage) are found on examination of the fundus.

Question 48

scler/o

Answer 48

sclera (white of the eye); hard

Question 49

corneoscleral

Answer 49

Pertaining to the cornea and scleral layers of the eye.

Question 50

scleritis

Answer 50

Inflammation of the sclera.

Question 51

uve/o

Answer 51

uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)

Question 52

uveitis

Answer 52

Inflammation of the uvea (vascular layer of the eye).

Question 53

vitre/o

Answer 53

glassy

Question 54

vitreous humor

Answer 54

Clear, watery fluid filling the jelly-like mass (vitreous body) that fills the cavity of the eyeball.

Question 55

ambly/o

Answer 55

dull, dim

Question 56

amblyopia

Answer 56

Dullness of vision (can be caused by poor nutrition, trauma to the eye, or suppression of vision in one eye to avoid diplopia).

Question 57

dipl/o

Answer 57

double

Question 58

diplopia

Answer 58

Double vision (the perception of two images of a single object).

Question 59

glauc/o

Answer 59

gray

Question 60

glaucoma

Answer 60

Disease of the eye marked by increased intraocular pressure.

Question 61

mi/o

Answer 61

smaller, less

Question 62

miosis

Answer 62

Condition of contraction of the pupils.

Question 63

miotic

Answer 63

A drug (such as pilocarpine) that causes the pupil to contract.

Question 64

mydr/o

Answer 64

widen, enlarge

Question 65

mydriasis

Answer 65

Condition of enlargement of the pupils. Tropicamide, atropine, and cocaine cause dilation, or enlargement, of pupils.

Question 66

nyct/o

Answer 66

night

Question 67

nyctalopia

Answer 67

Condition of night blindness. Vision is poor at night but good on bright days. Deficiency of vitamin A leads to nyctalopia.

Question 68

phot/o

Answer 68

light

Question 69

photophobia

Answer 69

Condition of sensitivity to light.

Question 70

presby/o

Answer 70

old age

Question 71

presbyopia

Answer 71

Condition of defective vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.

Question 72

scot/o

Answer 72

darkness

Question 73

scotoma

Answer 73

Area of depressed vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.

Question 74

xer/o

Answer 74

dry

Question 75

xerophthalmia

Answer 75

Condition of dry eyes.

Question 76

-opia

Answer 76

vision

Question 77

hyperopia (hypermetropia)

Answer 77

Farsightedness (seeing or able to see for a great distance).

Question 78

-opsia

Answer 78

vision

Question 79

hemianopsia

Answer 79

Condition of absence of vision in half of a visual field.

Question 80

-tropia

Answer 80

to turn

Question 81

esotropia

Answer 81

Condition in which the eyes turn inward.

Question 82

hypotropia

Answer 82

Condition in which the eye wanders downwards.

Question 83

hypertropia

Answer 83

Condition in which the eye wanders upward.

Question 84

myopia

Answer 84

Nearsightedness (unable to see things clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes).

Question 85

astigmatism

Answer 85

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye. This causes light rays to be unevenly and not sharply focused on the retina, so that the image is distorted.