Chap 13, Blood System, Vocabulary

Question 1

albumin

Answer 1

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

Question 2

antibody (Ab)

Answer 2

Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

Question 3

antigen (Ag)

Answer 3

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody.

Question 4

basophil

Answer 4

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin.

Question 5

bilirubin

Answer 5

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.

Question 6

coagulation

Answer 6

Blood clotting.

Question 7

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 7

Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes).

Question 8

differentiation

Answer 8

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization.

Question 9

electrophoresis

Answer 9

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.

Question 10

eosinophil

Answer 10

White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions.

Question 11

erythroblast

Answer 11

Immature red blood cell.

Question 12

erythrocyte

Answer 12

Red blood cell. There are about 5 million per microliter (µL) or cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood.

Question 13

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 13

Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation.

Question 14

fibrin

Answer 14

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot.

Question 15

fibrinogen

Answer 15

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.

Question 16

globulin

Answer 16

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples.

Question 17

granulocyte

Answer 17

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil.

Question 18

hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 18

Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells.

Question 19

hemoglobin

Answer 19

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Question 20

hemolysis

Answer 20

Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells).

Question 21

heparin

Answer 21

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.

Question 22

immune reaction

Answer 22

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion.

Question 23

immunoglobulin

Answer 23

Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection.

Question 24

leukocyte

Answer 24

White blood cell.

Question 25

lymphocyte

Answer 25

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

Question 26

macrophage

Answer 26

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells.

Question 27

megakaryocyte

Answer 27

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow.

Question 28

monocyte

Answer 28

Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues.

Question 29

mononuclear

Answer 29

Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes.

Question 30

myeloblast

Answer 30

Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes.

Question 31

neutrophil

Answer 31

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

Question 32

plasma

Answer 32

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.

Question 33

plasmapheresis

Answer 33

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are tetransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

Question 34

platelet

Answer 34

Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process.

Question 35

polymorphonuclear

Answer 35

Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed; neutrophil.

Question 36

prothrombin

Answer 36

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process.

Question 37

reticulocyte

Answer 37

Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

Question 38

Rh factor

Answer 38

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey.

Question 39

serum

Answer 39

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors.

Question 40

stem cell

Answer 40

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.

Question 41

thrombin

Answer 41

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.

Question 42

thrombocyte

Answer 42

Platelet.