Chap 15, Terminology, Bones Flashcards by Viki Proestakis

calc/o, calci/o

calcium

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hypercalcemia

Excessive calcium in the bloodstream.

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decalcification

Removal of calcium from bones.

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de-

less or lack of

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-fication

the process of making

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kyph/o

humpback, hunchback, (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

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Kyphosis

Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae.

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Kyphosis

Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. The affected person’s height is reduced, and kyphosis may lead to pressure on the spinal cord or peripheral nerves.

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lamin/o

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

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laminectomy

Removal of a lamina to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disc. An operation often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the lamina and spinous process.

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lord/o

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

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lordosis

Abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region. The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated. The word lordosis is derived from Greek, describing a person leaning backward in a lordly fashion.

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lumb/o

loins, lower back

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lumbar

Pertaining to the loins or lower back (near the waist) region.

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lumbosacral

Pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum.

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myel/o

bone marrow

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myelopoiesis

Formation of bone marrow.

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orth/o

straight

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orthopedics

The specialty of medicine dealing with bones and bone diseases. Orthopedists originally straightened (orth/o) the bones of children (ped/o).

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oste/o

bone

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osteitis

Inflammation of bones.

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osteitis deformans

is better known as Paget disease. Bones become weak and painful, especially in the spine, skull, pelvis, and legs.

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osteodystrophy

Abnormal (poor) development of bones.

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osteogenesis

Formation of bone.

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Osteogenesis imperfecta

Genetic disorder involving defective development of bones that are brittle and fragile; fractures occur with the slightest trauma.

scoli/o

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

scoliosis

Abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine. The spinal column is bent abnormally to the side. Scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescent girls.

spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

vertebra

spondylosis

Abnormal condition of vertebrae. Degeneration of the intervertebral discs in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement.

vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)

vertebra

vertebroplasty

Repair of a fractured vertebra.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone.

-blast

embryonic or immature cell

osteoblast

Immature bone cell. Bone cell responsible for forming bone tissue. This cell synthesize collagen and protein to form bone tissue.

-clast

to break

osteoclast

Large cell found in the bone marrow of growing bones; absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue. This cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue.

-listhesis

slipping

spondylolisthesis

Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment.

-malacia

softening

osteomalacia

Softening of bone. A condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children.

-physis

to grow

epiphysis

End of a long bone.

pubic symphysis

Junction of the pubic bones on the midline in front of the body.

-porosis

pore, passage

osteoporosis

Condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass.

-tome

instrument to cut

Osteotome

Instrument to cut bone.

acetabul/o

acetabulum (hip socket)

acetabular

Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket).

calcane/o

calcaneus (heel). The calcaneus is one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones.

calcaneal

Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).

carp/o

carpals (wrist bones)

carpal

Pertaining to the wrist bones.

clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone)

supraclavicular

Pertaining to above the collarbone.

cost/o

ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)

subcostal

Pertaining to below the ribs.

chondrocostal

Pertaining to below the ribs.

crani/o

cranium (skull)

craniotomy

Incision of the skull.

craniotome

Instrument to cut the skull.

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

femoral

Pertaining to the thigh bone (femur).

fibul/o (see also perone/o)

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

fibular

Pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula).

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

humeral

Pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus).

ili/o

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

iliac

Pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)

ischi/o

ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)

ischial

Pertaining to the ischium (lower and posterior part of the hip bone).

malleol/o

malleolus

malleolar

Pertaining to the malleolus (process on each side of the ankle). The medial malleolus is at the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the distal end of the fibula.

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jawbone)

mandibular

Pertaining to the lower jaw bone.

maxill/o

maxilla (upper jawbone)

maxillary

Pertaining to the upper jawbone.

metacarp/o

metacarpals (hand bones)

metacarpectomy

surgical removal of hand bones.

metatars/o

metatarsals (foot bones)

metatarsalgia

Pain of the foot bones.

olecran/o

olecranon (elbow)

olecranal

Pertaining to the elbow.

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

patellar

Pertaining to the kneecap.

pelv/i

pelvis (hipbone)

pelvimetry

Measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth).

perone/o

fibula

peroneal

Pertaining to the fibula.

phalang/o

phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)

phalangeal

Pertaining to the finger or toe bones.

pub/o

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

pubic

Pertaining to the pubic (anterior portion of the hip bone).

radi/o

radius (forearm bone - thumb side)

radial

Pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone.

scapul/o

scapula (shoulder blade)

scapular

Pertaining to the shoulder bone.

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

sternal

Pertaining to the breast bone.

tars/o

tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)

tarsectomy

Removal of ankle bones.

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

tibial

Pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones.

uln/o

ulna (forearm bone - little finger side)

ulnar

Pertaining to the medial lower arm bone.