Chap 5 & 6, Digestive System Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
an/o
A
anus
2
Q
perianal
A
Pert. to surrounding the anus
3
Q
append/o
A
appendix
4
Q
appendectomy
A
removal or excision of the appendix
5
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
6
Q
buccal mucosa
A
mucous membrane lining the cheek
A mucosa is a mucous membrane lining cavities or canals that open to the outside of the body.
7
Q
cec/o
A
cecum
8
Q
cecal
A
Pert. to the cecum, which is the first part of the the large intestine (colon).
9
Q
celi/o
A
belly, abdomen
10
Q
celiac
A
Pert. to the abdomen.
11
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
12
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen
13
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
14
Q
cheilosis
A
Abnormal condition of the lip.
15
Q
labi/o
A
lip
16
Q
cholecyst/o
A
gallbladder
17
Q
cholecystectomy
A
Removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder.
18
Q
chol/e
A
gall, bile
19
Q
choledoch/o
A
common bile duct
20
Q
choledochotomy
A
Incision of the common bile duct.
21
Q
col/o
A
colon
22
Q
colostomy
A
New opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.
23
Q
-stomy
A
The suffix -stomy, when used with a combining form for an organ, means an opening to the outside of the body.
24
Q
-stoma
A
A stoma is an opening between an organ and the surface of the body.
examples:
1) sigmoid colostomy,
2) ileostomy,
3) ileostomy stoma
25
sigmoid colostomy
After resection of the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon. The stoma is at the end of the colon and attached to the abdominal wall.
26
Ileostomy
After resection of the entire colon. The ileum is drawn through the abdominal wall to form an ileostomy stoma.
27
colon/o
colon
28
colonic
Pert. to the colon.
29
colonoscopy
Visual endoscopic examination of the colon.
30
dent/i
tooth
31
dentibuccal
Pert. to the cheek and teeth.
32
odont/o
tooth
33
duoden/o
duodenum
34
duodenal
Pert. to the duodenum.
35
duodenum
First part of the small intestine.
36
cecum
Fist part of the large intestine.
37
enter/o
Intestines, usually small intestine.
38
enterocolitis
Inflammation of the small intestine and colon.
39
enteroenterostomy
New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine.
40
anastomosis
Any surgical connection between two parts, such as vessels, ducts, or bowel segments:
ana = up,
stom = opening,
-sis = state of
41
ana-
up; apart; backward; again, anew
42
stom
opening
43
-sis
state of
44
mesentery
Membrane that holds the intestine together. Part of the double fold of the peritoneum that stretches around the organs in the abdomen, the mesentery holds the organs in place. Literally, it lies in the middle (mes-) of the intestines, a membrane attaching the intestines to the muscle wall at the back of the abdomen.
45
parenteral
Pertaining to by some route other than through the gastrointestinal tract, as by intravenous injection.
Par (from para-) means apart from in this term.
46
parenteral nutrition
An intravenous line brings parenteral nutrition directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the intestinal tract (enteral nutrition). Parenteral injections may be subcutaneous or intramuscular as well.
47
What are two parts of the mesentery?
The omentum and mesocolon. The omentum actually hangs down like an apron over the intestines.
48
esophag/o
esophagus
49
esophageal
Pert. to the esophagus.
50
faci/o
face
51
facial
Pert. to the face.
52
gastr/o
stomach
53
gastrostomy
New opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.
54
gingiv/o
gums
55
gingivitis
Inflammation of gums.
56
gloss/o
tongue
57
hypoglossal
Pert. to under the tongue.
58
lingu/o
tongue
59
hepat/o
liver
60
hepatoma
Tumor of the liver.
| Also called hepatocellular carcinoma.
61
hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver.
62
ile/o
ileum
63
ileum
The third part of the small intestine.
64
ileocecal sphincter
Ring of muscles that are between the ileum and the cecum (1st part of the lg. intestine).
Also called the ileocecal valve.
65
ileitis
Inflammation of the ileum, the 3rd part of the small intestine.
66
ileostomy
New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body.
67
jejun/o
jejunum
68
jejunum
Second part of the small intestine.
69
choledochojejunostomy
Surgical anastomosis (creation of a new opening) between the common bile duct and the jejunum.
70
gastrojejunostomy
New surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (2nd part of the small intestine).
71
labi/o
lip
72
labial
Pert. to the lip.
73
lapar/o
abdomen
74
laparoscopy
Process of visually examining the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope.
75
lingu/o
tongue
76
sublingual
Pert. to under the tongue.
77
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
78
submandibular
Pert. to under the lower jaw (mandible).
79
odont/o
tooth
80
orthodontist
Dentist specializing in straightening teeth.
81
orth/o
straight
82
periodontist
Dentist specializing in treating the gums.
83
endodontist
A dentist specializing in the inner parts of the mouth.
84
or/o
mouth
85
oral
Pert. to the mouth.
86
palat/o
palate, roof of the mouth
87
palatoplasty
Surgical repair of the palate (roof of the mouth). Procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip; repair of a cleft plate.
88
pancreat/o
pancreas
89
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas.
90
peritone/o
peritoneum (double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)
91
peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
92
pharyngeal
Pert. to the throat or pharynx.
93
palatopharyngoplasty
Surgical repair of the pharynx and palate.
94
proct/o
anus and rectum
95
proctologist
Specialist in the study of the anus and the rectum.
96
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
97
pyloroplasty
Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter.
98
pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.
99
rect/o
rectum
100
rectum
Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus.
101
-cele
hernia
102
rectocele
Hernia of the rectum.
103
sialaden/o
salivary gland
104
sialadenitis
Inflammation of a salivary glad.
105
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
106
sigmoid colon
Fourth and last, S-Shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.
107
sigmoidoscopy
Visual endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon.
108
stomat/o
mouth
109
stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth.
110
uvul/o
uvula
111
uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
112
uvulectomy
Removal (excision) of the uvula.
113
amyl/o
starch
114
-ase
enzyme
115
amylase
An enzyme that digests (breaks down) starches into simpler substances (such as sugars).
116
bil/i
gall, bile
117
biliary tract
Inclues the organs (liver and gallbladder) and ducts (hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts) that secrete, store, and empty bile into the duodenum.
118
biliary
Pert. to bile or bile ducts. Bile ducts empty bile into the small intestine (duodenum).
119
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
120
hyperbilirubinemia
High levels of bilirubin (yellow/orange pigment) in the bloodstream; jaundice.
121
chol/e
gall, bile
122
lith/o
stone or calculus
123
-iasis
abnormal condition
124
cholelithiasis
Abnormal condition of stones (gallstones) in the gallbladder.
Gallstones in the gallbladder.
125
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
126
achlorhydria
Absence of hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice.
Absence of gastric juice is associated with gastric carcinoma.
127
gluc/o
sugar
128
gluconeogenesis
Process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver.
129
glyc/o
sugar
130
hyperglycemia
High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; often associated with diabetes mellitus.
131
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
132
glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen to release sugar. Liver cells change glycogen back to glucose when blood sugar levels drop.
133
lip/o
fat, lipid
134
lipoma
Benign tumor of fatty tissue.
135
lith/o
stone
136
lithogenesis
Formation of stone (calculi).
137
prote/o
protein
138
protease
Enzyme that digests protein.
139
py/o
pus
140
pyorrhea
Discharge of pus from gums. Periodontitis; an advanced stage of periodontal disease (gingivitis).
141
sial/o
saliva, salivary
142
Sialolith
Salivary gland stone; lodged in a salivary gland or duct.
143
steat/o
fat
144
steatorrhea
Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat.
145
-ase
enzyme
146
lipase
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
147
-chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
148
hematochezia
Passage of bright red blood from the rectum.
149
-iasis
abnormal condition
150
choledocholithiasis
Abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct.
151
-prandial
meal
152
postprandial
After meals.
153
-ectasis, -ectasia
dilation, (dilatation), widening
154
cholangi/o
bile duct (vessel).
155
cholangiectasis
Abnormal widening or dilation of a bile vessel (bile duct). This condition is secondary to bile duct obstruction.
156
-emesis
vomiting
157
hematemesis
Vomiting blood. Bright red blood is vomited, often associated with esophageal varices or peptic ulcer.
158
-pepsia
digestion
159
dyspepsia
Painful digestion; indigestion.
160
-phagia
eating, swallowing
161
polyphagia
Excessive appetite and uncontrolled eating. Excessive eating.
162
-plasty
surgical repair
163
abdominoplasty
Surgical repair of the abdomen. Commonly referred to as a "tummy tuck."
164
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing.
165
-ptysis
spitting
166
hemoptysis - from the respiratory tract and lungs
Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract. A sign of bleeding and disease within the bronchial tubes and lungs.
167
hematemesis
Vomiting blood, a sign of bleeding from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.
168
-rrhage, rrhagia
bursting forth (of blood)
169
hemorrhage
Bursting forth or excessive flow of blood. Loss of a large amount of blood in a short period.
170
gastrorrhagia
Loss of blood from the stomach and jejunum.
171
-rrhaphy
suture
172
herniorrhaphy
Suture (stitching or sewing up) a hernia.
Hernioplasty is a synonym.
Tenorrhaphy (ten = tendon) is another common use of this suffix.
173
-rrhea
flow, discharge of various substances:
* rhinorrhea - mucus from the nose
* pyorrhea - pus from the gums
* menorrhea - menstrual (men/o) blood from the uterine lining
* leukorrhea - white, yellowish fluid from the vagina
174
diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose watery stools.
175
-spasm
involuntary contraction of muscles
176
pylorospasm
Sudden involuntary contraction of muscles at the pyloric sphincter.
177
bronchospasm
Abnormal narrowing with obstruction of the lumen of the bronchi due to spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle. A chief characteristic of bronchitis and asthma.
178
-stasis
stopping, controlling
179
cholestasis
Stoppage of bile flow.
180
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
181
pyloric stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. This is a congenital defect in newborns blocking the flow of food into the small intestine.
182
-tresia
opening
183
atresia
Absence of a normal opening.
184
esophageal atresia
Congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach. The esophagus does not connect with the stomach. A tracheoesophageal fistula often accompanies this abnormality.
185
biliary atresia
Congenital hypoplasia or nonformation of bile ducts causes neonatal cholestasis and jaundice.
