Evolutionary Psychology Attachment Theory Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Evolutionary Psychology Attachment Theory Deck (78)
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1
Q

Theory

A

Interconnected sets of beliefs, knowledge, and assumptions that relate to understanding a phenomenon.

2
Q

Theories can include ___ systems.

A

Belief.

3
Q

Scientific Theories

A

A set of systematically related propositions that are empirically testable.

4
Q

What is the key for scientific theories?

A

They are testable (falsifiable).

5
Q

Theories determine what s ___.

A

Relevant.

6
Q

Theories offer a ___ for studying relationships.

A

Framework.

7
Q

A good theory for intimate relationships…

A
  1. Encompasses the full range of possible predictors.
  2. Specify mechanisms of change.
  3. Account for variability between couples and within couples over time.
8
Q

Theories can be compared to a ___.

A

Map.

9
Q

What does theory do for us?

A

Accumulation, Precision, Guidance, Connectedness, Interpretation, Prediction.

10
Q

In the context of theory, what does accumulation do?

A

Pulls together and organizes existing research findings.

11
Q

In the context of theory what does precision do?

A

Requires us to carefully define terms and specify relationships.

12
Q

In the context of theory, what does guidance do?

A

Tells us what is important to look at.

13
Q

In the context of theory, what does connectedness do?

A

Explains how particular phenomena are related.

14
Q

In the context of theory, what does interpretation do?

A

Allows us to understand new research findings.

15
Q

In the context of theory, what does prediction do?

A

Gives us an idea of what will happen in the future.

16
Q

What are the two types of variability in couples?

A

Between different couples, and within the same couples over time.

17
Q

To understand couple relationships, we need to look at…

A

Evolution of human beings as a species.

18
Q

___ ___ dominates the mate selection and sexuality literature.

A

Evolutionary psychology.

19
Q

Our minds, like physical characteristics, also evolved psychological mechanisms through ___ ___.

A

Sexual selection.

20
Q

Evolutionary psychology is build on the theory of…

A

Natural selection by Charles Darwin.

21
Q

Traits and characteristics are ___ in helping produce offspring are passed on.

A

Adaptive.

22
Q

Evolution is ___ and the development of society is ___.

A

Slow, rapid.

23
Q

In a hunting and gathering time, what were the roles?

A

Women gathered and men hunted.

24
Q

According to the hunting and gathering times, women should prefer men with…and men should prefer women with…

A

Skills to help them hunt, skills to help them gather.

25
Q

When pregnant or caring for children, women were more ___.

A

Vulnerable.

26
Q

Successful behaviours for males include:

A
  • Having a large number of sexual partners.

- Engaging in aggressive behaviour to help protect partners and offspring and to drive away competition.

27
Q

Successful behaviours for females include:

A
  • Attracting genetically fir partners.
  • Providing care for offspring,
  • Ensuring that sexual partners stay with them in order to help protect and defend themselves and their offspring.
28
Q

Women prefer…

A

Strong males who have the resources and intention to stay and help care for offspring.

29
Q

Men prefer…

A

Women who are likely to only invest in their children.

30
Q

___ value virginity in their partners far more than ___.

A

Men, women.

31
Q

Why do men value virginity in their partners more than women?

A

Paternity uncertainty.

32
Q

What is the Theory of Parental Investment?

A

Ultimately, the purpose of intimate relationships (from an evolutionary perspective) is to produce offspring.

33
Q

There is a drastic difference in the minimum obligatory parental investment between…

A

Men and women.

34
Q

Men literally only have to commit the…

A

Sex act.

35
Q

Who has a drastically higher minimum obligatory parental investment?

A

Women.

36
Q

Men are more likely to see as ___.

A

Providers.

37
Q

Females are more likely to serve as ___.

A

Caregivers.

38
Q

___ are more likely to be interested in sex, both with their relationship partner and with others.

A

Men.

39
Q

___ are more likely to seek to ensure their partners do not stray.

A

Women.

40
Q

These sex differences should show ___ variance across societies and contexts.

A

Little.

41
Q

There are linkages between ___ and ___ processes.

A

Social, biological.

42
Q

Evolutionary psychology guides research in…

A
  • Gender differences.
  • Accounting for cross-cultural similarities.
  • Dirty t-shirt research.
43
Q

Women rate ___ infidelity more severely than ___ infidelity.

A

Emotional, sexual.

44
Q

Men rate ___ infidelity more severely than ___ infidelity.

A

Sexual, emotional.

45
Q

The tendency to rate emotional and sexual infidelity is guided by ___ ___ research.

A

Evolutionary psychology.

46
Q

Men are more attracted to characteristics such as ___ and ___.

A

Youth and vitality.

47
Q

Women are attracted to ___.

A

Resources.

48
Q

Symmetry is proxy for ___ ___.

A

Genetic fitness.

49
Q

What did the Dirty T-Shirt Research find?

A

Women who were ovulating were more able to detect symmetry through scent, while men were not.

50
Q

Men display ___ ejaculates for novel females.

A

Larger.

51
Q

Men who masturbated to the novel female had…

A

Larger ejaculates, more motile sperm, and also ejaculated more quickly.

52
Q

Evolutionary psychology does not look at ___ between groups.

A

Variability.

53
Q

Evolutionary psychology is focused much more on ___ than ___.

A

Attraction and sexual behaviours. maintaining relationships.

54
Q

Evolutionary psychology does not account for ___ ___ orientation.

A

Same-sex.

55
Q

Evolutionary explains ___ within same-sex couples.

A

Processes.

56
Q

Evolutionary explains processes within same-sex couples. How?

A

Male-male partners have the most sex, while female-female partners have the least sex.

57
Q

Who came up with Attachment Theory?

A

John Bowlby in the 1960’s.

58
Q

Attachment

A

Internal model that children use togaed their interaction with caregivers and others.

59
Q

What are the 3 attachment types?

A

Secure, avoidant, or ambivalent.

60
Q

What is a secure attachment style?

A

Children that happily bonded with others and had a relaxed trust around people.

61
Q

What leads to a secure attachment style?

A

Warm caregivers, needs were consistently met.

62
Q

What is an anxious (ambivalent) attachment style?

A

Nervous and clingy, excessive neediness in relationships with others.

63
Q

What leads to an anxious (ambivalent) attachment style?

A

Inconsistent warm and reliable care.

64
Q

What is an avoidant attachment style?

A

Children who are often suspicious and angry at others, few trusting or close relationships.

65
Q

What leads to an avoidant attachment style?

A

Caregiver was hostile and rare.

66
Q

Attachment Theory

A

Suggests that these working models of attachment carry over into adulthood. People interact with intimate partners in accordance with their attachment style.

67
Q

Attachment theory is conceptualized across two dimensions:

A
  1. People may see themselves as deserving or not deserving of love.
  2. People mat see their partners as able or unable to provide that love.
68
Q

Attachment theory is no longer defined in categorical groups. Instead, how is it defined?

A

Along a continuum.

69
Q

What are the four adult attachment styles?

A

Secure, preoccupied, dismissing, fearful.

70
Q

Attachment style is related to people’s ___ of their partner’s behaviour.

A

Perceptions.

71
Q

Attachment style is related to people’s own ___.

A

Behaviour.

72
Q

Attachment style is related to two things. What are they?

A
  1. Perceptions of their partner’s behaviour.

2. People’s own behaviour.

73
Q

Attachment styles are fairly ___, but are responsive to…

A

Stable, changing circumstances.

74
Q

Attachment has difficulty ___ attachment in an intimater relationship.

A

Operationalizing.

75
Q

Attachment Theory provides ___ throughout the life course.

A

Continuity.

76
Q

Attachment theory is untested. True or false?

A

False, it has been tested in thousands of studies.

77
Q

Attachment theories can be criticized, as explanations of current behaviour…

A

Lie in the past.

78
Q

Attachment theory explains:

A
  1. Where standards and expectations for intimacy come from.

2. Why some people tend to have the same relationships over and over again.