Social Exchange Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Ecological Theories Flashcards Preview

J - HECOL 210 > Social Exchange Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Ecological Theories > Flashcards

Flashcards in Social Exchange Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Ecological Theories Deck (57)
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1
Q

Which theories focus on the present?

A
  • Social exchange theory.
  • Social learning theory.
  • Ecological theories.
2
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

Partners evaluate their relationship by weighing the rewards and costs.

3
Q

Rewards and costs can be both…

A

Material and immaterial.

4
Q

Example of material rewards.

A

Finances.

5
Q

Example of immaterial rewards.

A

Partner’s social standing.

6
Q

Example of material costs.

A

Finances.

7
Q

Example of immaterial costs.

A

Missing out on other things.

8
Q

Opportunity Cost

A

Choosing for forego opportunities with other potential partners as well.

9
Q

Social exchange theory is a highly ___ process.

A

Intrapersonal.

10
Q

How to people weigh relationships?

A

Outcome = rewards - costs.

11
Q

How do people weight satisfaction with their relationships?

A

Satisfaction = outcome - comparison level.

12
Q

Comparison Level

A

What you expect out of a relationship because of past experiences, etc.

13
Q

If outcome is less than the comparison level, you are…

A

Dissatisfied.

14
Q

Comparison Level for Relationships

A

Potential alternatives.

15
Q

How do people determine their dependency on their relationship?

A

Dependency = outcome - comparison level of alternatives.

16
Q

How is commitment measured?

A

Commitment = satisfaction + dependence.

17
Q

Social Exchange Theory suggests that being satisfied in a relationship is not the same as being ___ to it.

A

Committed.

18
Q

What are some reasons partners may remain?

A
  • Partners may intend to remain because they are happy.

- Partners may intend to remain because they are dependent on the relationship and cannot leave.

19
Q

What is the investment model in social exchange theory?

A

Commitment = investments + satisfaction + dependence.

20
Q

What theory accounts for why abusive relationships or empty marriages continue?

A

Social exchange theory.

21
Q

How are dependence and satisfaction related to quality of the relationship?

A

High satisfaction and high dependence lead to a good relationship, while low satisfaction and low dependence leads to dissolving of a relationship. Only high-high leads to a good relationship.

22
Q

Research has demonstrated that ___ and ___ are only moderately correlated.

A

Satisfaction, stability.

23
Q

What does low satisfaction and high dependence do to a relationship?

A

Leads to abusive and empty shell relationships.

24
Q

What does high satisfaction and low dependence do to a relationship?

A

Uncommitted lovers.

25
Q

Pros of Social Exchange Theory

A
  • Simple.
  • Present-focused.
  • Focuses on forces outside of couple relationships.
26
Q

Cons of Social Exchange Theory

A

Does not describe how relationships change over time. Some relationships become more costly than rewarding.

27
Q

Which theory focuses on dyads?

A

Social learning theory.

28
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Partners are likely to repeat behaviours that were rewarded. Operant conditioning.

29
Q

Social learning theories are focused on ___ processes.

A

Interpersonal.

30
Q

Social learning theory emphasizes that behaviours that partners exchange, and whether they are ___ by those behaviours.

A

Rewarded.

31
Q

Social learning theory suggests people get some kind of reward for ___ behaviour.

A

Negative.

32
Q

Coercion Theory

A

People get their partner to pay attention by engaging in negative behaviours like yelling and screaming.

33
Q

Escape Conditioning

A

People are able to stop an uncomfortable interaction, such as a fight, by engaging in behaviours like storming out of the room or crying.

34
Q

What are some reasons that people may engage in negative behaviour in social learning theory?

A
  • Coercion theory.

- Escape conditioning.

35
Q

In social learning theory, partners make ___ about how their partner is likely to respond.

A

Appraisals.

36
Q

Negative Reciprocity

A

Those who are unhappy respond to negative behaviour with more negative behaviour.

37
Q

Happy couples are respond to negative behaviours with ___ behaviours.

A

Positive.

38
Q

Negative reciprocity leads to a negative cycle of behaviour, and also adds to ___.

A

Escalation.

39
Q

Contributions of social learning theory.

A
  • First theory to make the dyad the focus.
  • Prompted observational research methods.
  • Many influential scholars employ it.
  • Popular appeal.
40
Q

Pros of social learning theory.

A
  • Present focused and intuitive.

- Explains how couples interact, but there are other influences.

41
Q

Cons of social learning theory.

A
  • Accounts for change in only one direction. Happy couples increase happiness, and unhappy couples decrease happiness.
  • Does not account for ups and downs in relationships. Rough patches are unexplained.
42
Q

Most couples are ___ happy in their relationship after parenthood, but afterwards return to normal. Social learning theory fails to account for this.

A

Less.

43
Q

Human ecological theory looks at individuals in the context of the ___.

A

World.

44
Q

Social Ecological Models

A

Take the broader context into account beyond the individual or the couple, exclusively.

45
Q

Social Ecological Models acknowledges that intimate relationships exist in the ___ ___, and are influenced by ___ ___ happenings.

A

Real world, real world.

46
Q

Social ecological models are not a single theory, but…

A

A collection of theories.

47
Q

According to the social ecological theory, couples are situated in relation to the ___ around them.

A

World.

48
Q

Give examples of things that affect couple relationships in social ecological models.

A

History, neighbourhood, nationality, culture, living conditions, religion, friends, family, etc.

49
Q

ABC-X Model

A
A = Stressor: May be positive or negative. 
B = Resources: May be financial, emotional, social 
C = Perception of the stressor. 
X = Crisis: How the stressor is experienced and responded to.
50
Q

A couple feeling positive about being able to meet the challenge of moving, or a couple getting frustrated over their inability to find a nanny the like and can afford can be explained by the…

A

ABC-X model.

51
Q

Double ABC-X Model

A

Acknowledges that stresses do not happen one at a time.

52
Q

Relational Developmental Systems Model

A

Takes developmental view on individual functioning. We are being shaped by the environment around us.

53
Q

Social ecological models focus on research concerning ___ life events.

A

Stressful.

54
Q

What theory looks at intimate relationships among military couples, transition to parenthood, air traffic controllers, and the impact of socioeconomic status?

A

Social Ecological Models.

55
Q

Pros of social ecological theories.

A
  • Addresses context of larger environment.

- Provides understanding of how relationships change over time.

56
Q

Cons of social ecological theories.

A

Specify there are links between environment and intimate relationships, but are less specific about the mechanisms.

57
Q

Each theory on its own is ___.

A

Limited.