Methods for Studying Intimate Relationships Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Methods for Studying Intimate Relationships Deck (74)
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1
Q

There is a recent trend that says that men who do more housework have ___ sex.

A

Less.

2
Q

Manliness is associated with not doing ___.

A

Housework.

3
Q

Kornrich’s study found that men that do more core housework had ___ sex.

A

Less.

4
Q

Kornrich’s study found that men that do more non-core housework had ___ sex.

A

More.

5
Q

According to Kornrich, traditionally masculine and feminine behaviours consciously or unconsciously serve as ___ ___ for individuals.

A

Turn-ons.

6
Q

Research is often informed by ___, as we do not enter research with blank slates.

A

Intuition.

7
Q

What are the 3 common types of questions asked in social science research?

A
  1. Description (what happens).
  2. Prediction (when does it happen).
  3. Explanation (why does it happen).
8
Q

What kind of question is the following: “When men do the housework, does it harm the couple’s sex life?”

A

This is a prediction.

9
Q

Theories tell us what ___ to look at.

A

Variables.

10
Q

What are some example of variables?

A

More vs. less housework, amount of sex.

11
Q

Scientific theories must be ___.

A

Falsifiable.

12
Q

Is the theory of fate a scientific theory?

A

No, it is not falsifiable, and therefore is not scientific.

13
Q

Kornrich’s experiment drew from which theory?

A

The Sexual Scripts Theory.

14
Q

What is the Sexual Scripts Theory?

A

We possess internalized, culturally dictated “scripts” about what is “sexy.”

15
Q

Give an example of sexual scripts.

A

Tanned skin is sexy in Western cultures, but not in Eastern cultures.

16
Q

People want to be treated ___ in a relationship.

A

Fairly.

17
Q

When we are not treated fairly, we react to this injustice with…

A

Anger and resentment.

18
Q

What determines fairness?

A
  • Social reference.
  • Personal expectations from a relationship.
  • Couples’ particular context.
19
Q

The ___ of fairness is more important than behaviours, since fairness is an active cognitive process, while behaviours may just automatically happen.

A

Perception.

20
Q

What is Relative Deprivation Theory?

A

Asks whether anyone in the relationship feels that the relationship is unfair.

21
Q

___ is not always the same as fair in Relative Deprivation Theory.

A

Equal.

22
Q

According to Johnson et al., when men make a fair contribution to housework, couples will enjoy…

A

More frequent and satisfying sex.

23
Q

Operationalization

A

Specific, concrete method used to measure a construct.

24
Q

How do you measure love?

A

By operationalizing the construct.

25
Q

When asked self-report questions, we are likely to skew things in a ___ light for ourselves.

A

Positive.

26
Q

Females ___ the amount of housework they do, making their figure more accurate.

A

Underreport.

27
Q

Men ___ the amount of housework they do.

A

Overreport.

28
Q

Memory Bias

A

When asked to think back retrospectively, accurate response will not be given. For example, a good relationship may be associated with more sex automatically.

29
Q

Participants are more likely to respond with accurate information when the survey is ___ to take.

A

Easier.

30
Q

Measurement

A

A means of collecting data using the operationalization of the psychological construct.

31
Q

What method of measurement is seen as the best and the most efficient way?

A

Self-report.

32
Q

Why is self-report so highly touted?

A

It is difficult to observe internalized emotions like love.

33
Q

In self-report studies, there are protocols in place to compensate for the tendency to skew towards…

A

Positive responses.

34
Q

Give an example of a safeguard in place for artificial positive responses.

A

There is a section of questions where if extreme answers are given, the data is thrown out.

35
Q

Open-Ended Questions

A

There can be any number of responses.

36
Q

Fixed-Response Questions

A

Give only a certain range of answers from which the participant must choose.

37
Q

What type of questions are most common?

A

Fixed-Response Questions.

38
Q

Omnibus Measures

A

Measurements that include items that tap a wide variety of domains.

39
Q

Give an example of an omnibus measure.

A

Looking at factors like communication, trust, and conflict resolution to measure love.

40
Q

What is the problem with omnibus measures?

A

They are not very precise.

41
Q

Item-Overlap Problem

A

Encountered in omnibus measures, as things like communication, trust, and conflict resolution are interrelated.

42
Q

Global Measures

A

Asks about broad feelings about a partner.

43
Q

Give examples of global measure questions.

A
  • How much do you love your partner?

- How satisfied are you with your relationship?

44
Q

What is something that students often cite as problematic with global measures?

A

What “very satisfied” means is not the same across people.

45
Q

What is the counterargument to the claim that “very satisfied” means different things to different people?

A

It does not really matter. The whole point is that everyone has different interpretations.

46
Q

Omnibus measures try to fit everyone into ___ ___.

A

Objective moulds.

47
Q

In observation, if you know someone is watching you, you are more likely to act…

A

Better.

48
Q

In observation, you must be able to bridge the gap between what is seen and…

A

What is actually going on.

49
Q

When asked how satisfaction changed, the partners said that…

A

Over the first 10 years, they weren’t as happy but the situation gradually improved. Over the next 10 years, things stabilized.

50
Q

In reality, partners perceived their relationship incorrectly in self-report studies, as…

A

Things declined steadily in 20 years.

51
Q

There is a ___ bias in self-reports.

A

Memory.

52
Q

Why must researchers be precise in wording? Give an example if necessary.

A

Different people consider sex to be different things.

53
Q

As the type of contact becomes more sexual, people increasingly consider that behaviour to be…

A

Sex.

54
Q

There is a jump in the interpretation of an action as sex when…

A

Genitals are involved.

55
Q

Research designs determines…

A

What types of questions and what types of information you can get.

56
Q

For cross-sectional studies, all we know is how things relate to one another at…

A

One point in time.

57
Q

Causal arguments can/can’t be made from cross-sectional studies.

A

Can’t.

58
Q

Kornrich made a flaw when she made a…

A

Causal connection with cross-sectional data.

59
Q

Longitudinal studies follows people over…

A

Time.

60
Q

Can longitudinal studies support causal statements?

A

No.

61
Q

What is a perfect positive relationship?

A

A 1:1 relationship, where if one variable increases one unit, the other increases one unit as well.

62
Q

What type of relationship is the best you can hope for in the social sciences?

A

A high positive relationship.

63
Q

Do anomalies that fall outside the general spectrum invalidate data?

A

No, it just shows that there is variability.

64
Q

Anomalies become more rare when you…

A

Start stacking up relationships across many characteristics.

65
Q

Johnson et al.’s study differs from Kornrich et al.’s study in that…

A

It is longitudinal, not cross-sectional.

66
Q

Statistically Significant Data

A

Null hypothesis is not true 95% of the time.

67
Q

Prior level of both sex and housework are good indicators of…

A

Future levels.

68
Q

Sexual Economics Theory

A

Sex is a resource that men want more than women. Women use sex as a bartering mechanism to get things that they want.

69
Q

Prototype Baseline (Stability) Model would say that…

A

Housework and sex merely covary.

70
Q

Prototype Unidirectional Model would say that…

A
  • More housework leads to less (or more) sex.

- More sex leads to less (or more) housework.

71
Q

Prototype Bidirectional Model would say that…

A

Housework and sex are reciprocally related.

72
Q

Does housework lead to less sex, according to Johnson et al.?

A

No, since the baseline model fit best.

73
Q

There was no association between the amount of housework that men do, and the amount or quality of sex. However, what did have an effect?

A

Making a fair contribution.

74
Q

Making a fair contribution impacts the frequency of sex. Does it also mean having better, more satisfying sex?

A

There is preliminary support for this for both men and women.