Chapter 11: Relationships in Context Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 11: Relationships in Context Deck (36)
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1
Q

Context

A

Everything that affects a relationship outside of the couple and their interactions; includes physical, social, cultural, and historical elements.

2
Q

Proximal Context

A

The immediate circumstances or environmental factors that affect a psychological phenomenon; for example, marriage appears to afford protection through improved health.

3
Q

Distal Context

A

Elements in the environment that are removed from a couple and affect them indirectly; for example, the social and cultural contexts within which relationships form and develop.

4
Q

Examples of proximal context.

A

Time of day an interaction ties place, the room the couple interacts in, whether the lights are on or off, whether each partner had a good day at work or not.

5
Q

Examples of distal context.

A

Social, religious, and cultural contexts.

6
Q

Stressor

A

An event or circumstance that makes demands on person and requires some kind of adjustment, response, or adaptation; represented by A in the ABC-X model.

7
Q

Resource

A

An asset; a source of practical, social, or emotional support outside a couple that contributes to their ability to interact effectively or adapt to stresses and circumstances; represented by B in the ABC-X model.

8
Q

Chronic Conditions

A

Aspects of the environment that are relatively stable and enduring, such as the quality of one’s neighbourhood or one’s socioeconomic status.

9
Q

Acute Event

A

An experience that has a relatively clear onset and the possibility of an end point, such as a car accident, an illness, or a period of unemployment.

10
Q

Chronic conditions tend to influence relationships in a ___ manner, while the effects of acute events are ___.

A

Stable, reversible.

11
Q

What model indicates stress as a factor in relationships?

A

ABC-X.

12
Q

Controllable, predictable stressors have ___ effect on relationships than uncontrollable, unpredictable stressors.

A

Less.

13
Q

Stress Pile-Up

A

The accumulation of stress when one adverse event leads to other adverse events.

14
Q

Fight-or-Flight Response

A

A physiological response to stress or threat that prepares the body to take action, either by confronting the threat (fight) or by escaping it (flight).

15
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

The idea that performance on a simple task improves as arousal increases but that performance then decreases as arousal continues to rise.

16
Q

True or false? Physiological arousal helps negative experiences.

A

False.

17
Q

When outside stress was high, couples who excused their partners due to low levels of stress…

A

Blamed their partners for negative behaviours.

18
Q

Relationship satisfaction tends to ___ after being exposed to external stressors.

A

Decline.

19
Q

Stress Spillover

A

The transmission of the effects of stress from one domain in a person’s life to other domains, such as from outside a relationship to inside.

20
Q

Long-Distance Relationships

A

A relationship in which partners spend most of their time physically separated from each other, restricting regular face-to-face interaction.

21
Q

Stress Crossover

A

The transmission of the effects of stress from one person to another.

22
Q

Stress ___ is experienced within an individual, while stress ___ is experienced between individuals.

A

Spillover, crossover.

23
Q

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

A

All the ways individuals differ in their ranking within a social structure, including income, education, and occupation.

24
Q

Has marriage lost its value?

A

There is no evidence of this.

25
Q

While attitudes concerning marriage have not changed, what has?

A

Attitudes toward divorce, premarital sex, unmarried cohabitation, remaining single, and choosing to be childless all became more acceptable.

26
Q

4 obstacles to getting married for low income women.

A
  1. Affordability.
  2. Fear of divorce.
  3. Fear of losing autonomy.
  4. Fear of domestic violence.
27
Q

How do we improve helping low-income couples?

A
  1. Acknowledge the real challenges that low-income couples face.
  2. Any programs that improve the lives of low-income individuals are likely to benefit their relationships as well.
28
Q

Social Networks

A

The families, friendships, neighbourhoods, clubs, and institutions through which individuals are connected.

29
Q

Sociometry

A

A method of measuring and displaying the strength and number of relationships within a collection of individuals, achieved by asking all members of the group about the quality and quantity of their interactions with every other member of the group.

30
Q

Psychological Network

A

Those who play important roles in a person’s life.

31
Q

Interactive Network

A

The set of people with whom an individual interacts regularly.

32
Q

Network Density

A

The degree to which members of an individual’s social network are themselves connected to other people within the network.

33
Q

Network Overlap

A

The extent to which partners in a relationship consider the same individuals to be part of their personal networks.

34
Q

Social Capital

A

The tangible and intangible benefits individuals derive from their relationships with others.

35
Q

When do social networks keep partners together?

A
  1. When the social networks of the two partners overlap.

2. When the social networks of both partners approve of and support the relationship.

36
Q

Substitutability

A

The degree to which different members of a social network may fulfill the same needs for an individual.