Making Meaning in Relationships (Understanding Each Other) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Making Meaning in Relationships (Understanding Each Other) Deck (54)
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1
Q

Do behaviours have objective meaning?

A

No.

2
Q

Our conclusions about the world are based on ___ than others’ behaviour.

A

More.

3
Q

We draw on ___ to interpret others’ behaviour.

A

Expectations, personalities, experiences, beliefs.

4
Q

Information processing involves how we take our…

A

Interpretations of specific experiences to global meaning.

5
Q

Your partner coming home and being grouchy with you is an example of…

A

A concrete behaviour.

6
Q

Interpreting her as having a bad day, or not caring about you are examples of…

A

Specific meanings.

7
Q

I really love this hard-working woman, or I am sick of this empty relationship are examples of…

A

Global meanings.

8
Q

Two people can come to very ___ conclusions after witnessing the same event.

A

Different.

9
Q

Meaning matters because of…

A
  • Which behaviours we attend to.
  • How we interpret those behaviours.
  • How we react to those behaviours.
10
Q

Information Processing

A

How we organize information about the world and come to conclusions.

11
Q

Information processes results in a ___.

A

Hierarchy.

12
Q

How is the hierarchy that results from information processing organized?

A

Specific behaviours result in general conclusions or perceptions.

13
Q

A punctual partner can be perceived as…

A

Reliable, or obsessive-compulsive.

14
Q

Fatal Attraction

A

Qualities that initially appear attractive become the same qualities that end a relationship.

15
Q

Give an example of fatal attraction.

A

Cool, quiet, and calm becomes cold, indifferent, and apathetic.

16
Q

When more specific behaviours support the same general conclusion…

A

The conclusion will be more resilient to new information.

17
Q

People would prefer to reach ___ ___ about their partner.

A

Certain conclusion. For example, we would rather interpret a persons action as reliable, not obsessive compulsive.

18
Q

Are there limits to our motivated reasoning?

A

Yes. Reliability needs to be demonstrated.

19
Q

Enhancement Bias

A

A preference for information that supports and strengthens positive beliefs about partner/relationship.

20
Q

People are ___ to view their partners positively.

A

Motivated.

21
Q

People frequently see their partners more ___ than their partners see themselves.

A

Positively.

22
Q

Diagnosticity Bias

A

A preference for information that indicates important qualities about a partner or relationship.

23
Q

Trying to figure out if someone likes you is affected by ___ ___.

A

Diagnosticity bias.

24
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

A preference for information that supports what we already know.

25
Q

When viewing global areas of our relationship, we tend to use ___ bias.

A

Enhancement.

26
Q

When viewing specific areas of our relationship, we tend to use ___ bias.

A

Accuracy (diagnosticity and confirmation).

27
Q

Do we use each bias equally?

A

No, which bias predominates depends on the area of perception.

28
Q

Justification Bias

A

People want feel that they have reached conclusions that are correct.

29
Q

Sentiment Override

A

People’s overall feelings have an impact on their perceptions of more specific aspects of their relationship.

30
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

People are motivated to feel that they themselves are good people.

31
Q

People tend to take more credit for success, and they tend to blame external factors for failure. What bias is this?

A

Self-serving bias.

32
Q

Selective Attention

A

People may simply ignore this negative information.

33
Q

Those happier in their relationships spent ___ time viewing attractive members of the opposite sex.

A

Less.

34
Q

Empathic Accuracy Model

A

People’s motivation to understand what their partner is saying varies wit whether their partner is saying something negative or positive.

35
Q

Under the empathic accuracy model, a positive statement leads to…

A

High motivation to understand.

36
Q

Under the empathic accuracy model, a negative statement leads to…

A

Low motivation to understand.

37
Q

Memory Bias

A

People tend to remember their relationships as improving, especially her the recent past.

38
Q

Is memory concrete?

A

No.

39
Q

Memory is like…

A

A film reel that is constantly being edited and re-edited over time.

40
Q

Flexible Standards

A

People may alter their relationship standards based on how their partner behaves.

41
Q

Attributions

A

Explanations for partners behaviours.

42
Q

Example of internal stable attribution.

A

“My partner was late because he is a thoughtless jerk.”

43
Q

Example of internal temporary attribution.

A

“My partner was late because he forgot to set his alarm.”

44
Q

Example of external stable attribution.

A

“My partner was late because his crappy car broke down again.”

45
Q

Example of external temporary attribution.

A

“My partner was late because he got stuck in traffic.”

46
Q

Derogating Alternatives

A

When presented with an attractive member of the opposite sex, those in happy relationships rate the attractiveness of this person lower than unhappy partners or singles.

47
Q

Cognitive Restructuring

A

People may link negative information with positive information about their partner or they may compartmentalize the negative information.

48
Q

Two parts of cognitive restructuring:

A
  1. Integration.

2. Compartmentalization.

49
Q

Integration (in cognitive restructuring).

A

Viewing positives and negatives together.

50
Q

What part of cognitive restructuring is related to more satisfaction in the short term?

A

Integration.

51
Q

Compartmentalization (in cognitive restructuring).

A

Separating positives and negatives.

52
Q

How do relationships change? What are the limits?

A
  1. Limits of ability.

2. Limits of motivation.

53
Q

What are the different methods for coping with negative information?

A
  • Selective attention.
  • Empathic accuracy model.
  • Memory bias.
  • Flexible standards.
  • Attributions.
  • Derogating alternatives.
  • Cognitive restructuring.
54
Q

Those who are dependent on the relationship tend to…

A

Think more positively about their relationship.