What were Einstein’s 3 demands?
- No intimacy.
- Stop talking.
- Leave bedroom.
Is wanting to have a close relationship with someone natural?
Yes.
When individuals do not want to have a relationship with someone, then you may be diagnosed with a ___ ___.
Personality disorder.
Humans are hardwired to ___, as it is a universal human experience.
Love.
In a study, it was found that romantic love can be observed in…
Every society across time.
Intimate pairing is known as…
Dyadic, or pair bonds.
How do mate-selection practices differ between cultures?
Can be arranged vs. couple-initiated marriage.
What types of marriages tend to demonstrate higher levels of relationship satisfaction?
Couple-initiated (love) marriages.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that what type of marriages tend to be more stable? Why?
Arranged, because of cultural backgrounds.
How are processes within relationships different cross-culturally?
Happy western couples display more positive behaviours, while unhappy Eastern couples display more negative behaviours.
It is important to be in a relationship, but also to be in a ___ relationship.
Quality.
When talking about scholarship, it is always talk about ___.
Averages.
___ is the largest contributor to overall happiness.
MArriage.
People in intimate relationships are generally happier than…
Those who are not in intimate relationships.
Higher levels of happiness are especially likely to be found among people in ___ relationships.
Happy.
Among continuously married couples, life satisfaction…
Improves over time.
Our satisfaction in life is determined by…
Our happiness with intimate relationships.
Married couples experience better mental health in the areas of:
- Less depression.
- Less anxiety.
- Less psychological distress.
- Higher self-esteem.
What was discovered in the hand-holding study?
When faced with a possible shock, women who were able to hold hands with their partner (and were happy, in their relationship) were calmer.
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide related to…
Calmness, trust, and commitment.
Those who were happier in their relationships, the ___ psychological distress their brains exhibited.
Less.
Those who held a stranger’s hand differed how from those who had no hand at all?
There was no difference.
Intimate relationships can/can’t change what goes in our brain.
Can.
People in happier intimate relationships generally live…
Longer.
Mortality rates among the ___ are higher than among the ___.
Nonmarried, married.
The benefits realized from intimate relationships is higher for…
Men than women (250% vs. 50%).
People coping with congestive heart failure who were in more satisfied relationships were…
More likely to be alive when researchers followed up on them 4 years later.
Do relationships affect health?
Yes, when they are good they help you. When they are bad, they might kill you.
What is illustrated by the congestive heart failure study?
They can help your health.
Marriage is associated with ___ physical health.
Better.
Married men and women are ___ likely to suffer from long-term chronic illnesses or disabilities.
Less.
Married men and women tend to recover from illness and surgery ___ than the non-married.
Quicker.
What are some negative effects associated with marriage?
Small weight increase for both men and women, and lower levels of physical activity.
On the flip side, lower quality marriages are associated with ___ life satisfaction, happiness, and self-esteem.
Lower.
Lower quality marriages leads to ___ psychological distress, depression, and substance abuse diagnoses.
Greater.
Those in lower quality marriages are more likely to suffer from ___ blood pressure.
High.
Discordant couples healed at __% the rate of non-discordant couples.
60%.
Those who are in discordant relationships had a ___ susceptibility to the common cold.
Greater.
Those who are in discordant relationships are more at risk for what dental conditions?
Gum disease (periodontal) and cavities (dental caries).
What are the 3 facts of intimate relationships?
- People want intimate relationships.
- Those who have them tend to be happier.
- Those who have them tend to be healthier.
What are selection effects?
Positive effects are because the happier the people are at the outset, the more likely it is that they become married.
People that are better off socioeconomically are…
More likely to succeed in relationships.
Do selection effects account for all the differences?
No, they account for about 25%.
Why are most psychologists reactive against the selection effects model?
Outside influences determine outcomes. We have no control over out outcomes.
Social Control Theory
Intimate relationships increase the negative consequences of deviant behaviour.
People in intimate, committed relationships are less likely to misuse…
Alcohol and drugs.
Do intimate relationships have an effect on society?
Yes, they benefit society.
Give an example of social control theory.
When you are younger, you can engage in riskier behaviour, but as you grow up and get married, it regulates our behaviour and channels them in socially acceptable ways.
What did the cocaine studies show?
Those who divorced increased their cocaine usage, but those who were single then got married decreased their cocaine usage.
It is said that ___ are the greatest stakeholders in their parents’ marriages.
Children.
Parental marriage is related to…
- Lower levels of poverty.
- Higher levels of education.
- Fewer emotional problems.
- Fewer behavioural problems.
What is the outcome of divorce for children?
Can be good or bad.
When is the outcome of divorce good?
When the relationship between the parents is tumultuous before the divorce.
When is the outcome of the divorce bad?
When the relationship between the parents s not as conflictual before the divorce.
In general, children whose parents stay married have ___ outcomes than children whose parents divorce.
Better.
If you have divorced parents, are you doomed?
No, everyone comes to relationships with vulnerabilities.
Intergenerational transmission
Parents’ relationship patterns are related to children’s later relationship patterns.
What theory is related to intergenerational transmission?
Attachment Theory.
Children with divorced parents are ___ more/less likely to divorce.
10-20% more.
One of the key ways to achieve a happy, healthy, successful life is to have a…
Happy love life.
Married people accumulate more ___.
Wealth.
