Flashcards in Gastroenteritis Deck (61)
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1
What is gastroenteritis?
Inflammation of the stomach or intestines
2
What does gastroenteritis do?
inhibits nutrient absorption and excessive H2O and electrolyte loss
3
What are the 4 causes of gastroenteritis
Bacterial
Viral
Parasitic
Poisoning by microbial toxins
4
What makes you feel worse - bacterial or viral?
Bacterial
5
What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis
Infection mostly caused by a virus, bacteria or parasite
6
Why is there a lower incidence of Gastroenteritis in Dundee than there is in London
The number of parasites increases with the population of a city
7
What are the main common presentations of gastroenteritis
Fever
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
Sometime blood PR
8
Why is there only sometimes blood PR
Certain pathogens cause blood- some are more likely than others
9
What is an example of a pathogen likely to cause blood
Campylobacter
10
When is the onset for toxin mediated food poisoning
1-6 hours after exposure
11
Why is foodborne illness a rapidly emerging crisis in industrialised countries
Poor sanitation and hygiene
Change in eating habits
Importation of food
Increase in day care centre attendance
Increase in elderly care
institutes
Increased travel
Pets carry many pathogens
12
What do poultry and eggs carry? How could we get this?
Campylobacter - if we do not cook the meat well enough
13
What are some non-infectious diarrhoea examples
GI bleed
Ischaemic gut
Diverticulitis
Endocirne disorders
Numerous drugs
Fish toxins
Withdrawl
14
How do we approach any clinical infection syndrome
Find what the key clinical symptoms and signs are that suggest infection
Differential diagnosis
Severity of infection
Site and microbiological diagnosis and investigations
Antibiotic and supportive management
Infection control
Public health
15
How does the norovirus spread
As a spray in vomit
Faecal/ oral
16
How long does it take for the norovirus to resolve
24-48 hours
17
What are the common symptoms of norovirus
Abrupt nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps, myalgias
18
Who is most likely to get the norovirus
Older children and adults - not children
19
What are the 3 common presentations of food poisoning
Acute enteritis: fever, D&V, abdo pain
Acute colitis: fever, pain, bloody diarrhoea
Enteric fever like illness: fever, rigors, pain, but little diarrhoea by the time the present
20
What does blood diarrhoea usually indicate
Infection
IBD
Malignancy
Iscahemia
21
What is a complication of campylobacter
Guillain Barre
22
How long does Campylobacter affect us for
5-14 days
23
What do indentations on an AXR indicate
Inflammation
24
What are the common symptoms of enteric fever like illness
Give an example of enteric fever
Fever
Systemically unwell
Abdo pain
Constipation but possibly short history if diarrhoea
Typhoid is an example
25
What is typhoid?
A type of salmonella
26
In what countries is typhoid present?
India
SE Asia
Far East,
Middle East
Africa
Central America
South America
27
How is typhoid carried?
In food and water
28
What are the symptoms of typhoidW
Usually asymptomatic,
mild,
bacteriaemia,
enterocolitis
29
Define enterocolitis
inflammation of the small intestine and the colon
30
