Flashcards in Physiology and Pharmacology of the Liver Deck (64)
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1
Describe the blood supply to the liver
Dual supply in and single supply out
2
What are all hepatocytes in contact with?
Blood from both the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery
3
Where does arterial and venous blood mix
In the liver sinusoids
4
What shape is a cross section of each lobule
Hexagonal
5
What is found in the centre of each lobule
a branch of the hepatic vein (central vein)
6
What is found in each of the 6 corners of each lobule
A triad (portal triad)
7
What is in each portal triad
A branch of the hepatic portal vein
A branch of the hepatic artery and
A bile duct
8
What is arranged as hepatic plates?
Cords of hepatocytes
9
Blood flows inwardly through what to the central vein
Sinusoids
10
Bile secreted by hepatocytes flows outwardly through what to the bile duct
Canaliculi
11
What are hepatocytes arranged in between
Sinusoids in plates two cells thick
12
What does the basolateral membrane face
The space of Disse
13
What is the space of Disse
An extracellular gap between the pericellular space and the endothelial cells that line the fenestrated sinusoids
14
What forms the canaliculi
The apical membrane of adjacent hepatocytes
15
Sinusoidla spaces contain which 3 types of cells
Endothelial cells
Kuppfer cells
Stellate (lto) cells
16
What do endothelial cells allow the movement of?
Solutes but not cells
17
What type of cells remove particulate matter (bacteria)
Kuppfer cellls
18
Where do the Stellate cells lie and what is their role?
Within the space of Disse
Important for the storage of vitamin A and may play a role in fibrosis and cirrhosis in liver injury
19
Describe the sequence of the intraheaptic bile system
Canaliculi
Terminal bile ductules
Perilobar ducts
Interlobar ducts
Septal ducts
Lobar ducts
2 hepatic ducts
The common hepatic duct
20
How much bile is produced per day
0.6-1.2 litres per day
21
Where is bile between meals
Stored and concentrated in the gall bladder - the sphincter of Oddi is closed
22
What happens to bile during a meal
Chyme in the duodenum stimulates gall bladder smooth muscle to contract and bile spurts into the duodenum via the cystic and common bile ducts
23
What is the role of bile
It participates in the digestion and absorption of fats
24
During meals, what is the ionic composition of bile similar to
Plasma
25
Why does the flow rate of bile increase during meals
In response to secretin released from duodenal S cells
26
What does the slightly alkaline pH of bile contribute to?
Micelle formation
Neutralization of chyme
pH adjustment for digestive enzyme action
Protection of the mucosa
27
What do hepatocytes secrete and where?
Primary juice in the canaliculi which drain in the the biliary ductules
28
What is hepatic bile composed of
Primary bile acids mainly cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids
Water and electrolytes
Lipids and phospholipids
Cholesterol
IgA
Bilirubin
29
What is bilirubin a product of
The porphyrin component of haemoglobin
30
