Flashcards in Public Health Deck (27):
1
What 3 elements do you need to get tooth decay?
Bacteria, sugar and tooth
2
What is dental caries
A dynamic process involving the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions between tooth structure and saliva (plaque fluid) in the presence of acids produced by the fermentation of carbs by oral micro-organisms
3
What are the 4 stages of tooth decay
Very early stage
Initial
Moderate
Extensive
4
What is DMF Index
The earliest way of summarising the dental health of populations.
It is the sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces
5
What is decay?
Present experience of caries
6
What is missing
Past treatment of caries
7
What is filled?
Past treatment of caries
8
What are some of the problems with DMF?
Not all teeth are lost through caries
It is irreversible - and so not good for measuring beneficial interventions
9
What is DMFT
A count of all decayed or missing or filled teeth: a measure of obvious decay experience
It is a count of all primary teeth that are decaued, extracted due to carires or filled
10
Where is the highest caries distribution in the UK
Northern Ireland.
Scotland is higher than England
11
What is NDIP
A national dental inspection programme
12
What can be described as a caries trend?
The distribution of caries in a population through time
13
Why has there been a world wide reduction in dental caries in children over the last 40 years
Brushing teeth with toothpaste containing fluoride
14
Is there any factor involved in the unequal distribution of dental caries?
Socio-economic status - associated with many illnesses, including dental caries
15
Describe the distibution of caries areound the mouth
Usually in the molars at the back of the mouth
16
What has happened to the total tooth loss in the last 40 years
A decrease in total tooth loss due to improvements in toothpaste
17
What happens to the total tooth loss with age
Increases from around 50 years +
18
What is the most common disease in the world?
Tooth decay
19
How do we assess periodontal diseases
Basic Periodontal examination (BPE)
a probe that goes in between the teeth to determine the loss of bone structure
20
What are the treatments of gum disease?
Oral hygiene
Stop smoking
Scaling and root planing
Surgery (extreme cases)
Long term maintenance
Extraction
21
What has happened to the global numbers of gum disease recently
Incerased in some countries and decreased in others. Constant ongoing challenge to the NHS and other organisations
22
What is childsmile?
A national programme designed to improve the oral health of children in scotland and reduce inequalities both in dental health and access to dental services
23
Why are schemes like childsmile important?
We get a good idea of global trends through children more easily than we do through adults
24
What 3 elements are integrated in the programme
Core toothbrushing
Nursery and school
practice
25
Who delivers childsmile?
Dental Health support workers
Extended Duty Dental Nurses
Dental Practice staff
Health visitors and public health nurses
26
What causes a 40% reduction in dental caries in children?
2 applications of fluoride varnish
27