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URR 73 Flashcards

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1
Q

The right common carotid artery is a branch of which artery?
a. aortic arch
b. right vertebral artery
c. right subclavian artery
d. innominate artery

A

d

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2
Q

Which of the following holds the psoas muscle?
a. retrofascial space
b. perirenal space
c. anterior pararenal space
d. Space of Retzius

A

a

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3
Q

The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the large intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels
a. mesentery
b. greater omentum
c. lesser omentum
d. mesocolon

A

d

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4
Q

When evaluating intratesticular flow, which vessel is sampled by Doppler?
a. cremasteric
b. centripetal
c. deferential
d. gonadal

A

b

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5
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal lymph node?
a. round shape
b. posterior enhancement
c. thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum
d. thick hypoechoic rim with hypervascularity

A

c

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6
Q

The Achilles’ tendon is normally less than __ in diameter.
a. 13mm
b. 4mm
c. 10 mm
d. 7 mm

A

d

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7
Q

Pheochromocytoma, chromaffin cells and neurons in the central nervous system are responsible for the release of?
a. sodium bicarbonate
b. testosterone
c. epinephrine
d. adosterone

A

c

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8
Q

What abnormality involves the Hesselbach triangle?
a. ventral hernia
b. femoral hernia
c. direct inguinal hernia
d. spigelian hernia

A

c

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9
Q

Which of the following scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis?
a. mediastinum testis
b. seminiferous tubules
c. efferent ducts
d. vas deferens

A

c

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10
Q

In pediatric patients, the volume of what structure is calculated using the Lambert or Ellipsoid formula?
a. testicles
b. spleen
c. kidneys
d. liver

A

a

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the scrotal sac?
a. tunica vaginalis
b. dartos muscle
c. epithelial/skin
d. detrusor muscle

A

d

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12
Q

Which of the following normally secretes moderate amounts of mucus?
a. seminal vesicles
b. duodenum
c. bronchial alveoli
d. pancreas

A

b

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13
Q

Which structure is visualized posterior and medial to the left lobe of the thyroid?
a. left sternocleidomastoid muscle
b. left omohyoid muscle
c. esophagus
d. left longus colli muscle

A

c

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14
Q

The superior thyroidal artery is a branch of the ____.
a. internal carotid artery
b. innominate
c. external carotid artery
d. vertebral

A

c

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15
Q

In infants and children, the superior vena cava, aorta, and ___, are well visualized using the thymus as an acoustic window.
a. renal arteries
b. pulmonary artery
c. distal carotid arteries
d. inferior vena cava

A

b

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16
Q

A top normal thyroid isthmus measurement would be:
a. 4cm
b. 6mm
c. 6cm
d. 4mm

A

b

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17
Q

Which of the following connects the subphrenic space with Morison pouch?
a. epiploic foramen
b. foramen of Morgagni
c. foramen of Luschka
d. foramen of magnum

A

a

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18
Q

The __ is a part of the prostate gland that is mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and makes up approximately 1/3 of the gland.
a. central zone
b. peripheral zone
c. fibromuscular zone
d. transitional zone

A

c

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19
Q

Which of the following vessels can be used to help locate the left adrenal gland?
a. splenic vein
b. celiac axis
c. right renal vein
d. distal SMA

A

a

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20
Q

Calcitonin is produced by which of the following types of cells?
a. parathyroid parafollicular
b. thyroid follicular
c. thyroid parafollicular
d. parathyroid follicular

A

c

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21
Q

Which scrotal artery supplies the epididymis?
a. cremasteric
b. deferential
c. capsular
d. centripetal

A

b

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22
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the left adrenal gland?
a. anterior to the pancreas tail
b. lateral to the left diaphragm crura
c. anterior to the IVC
d. superolateral to the left kidney

A

b

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23
Q

Ascites can be identified in all of the following spaces/areas, except:
a. between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver
b. subhepatic space below the right lobe
c. Morison pouch
d. paracolic gutters

A

a

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24
Q

When evaluating a patient with testicular pain:
a. the testicle on the affected side should be scanned first
b. the US system settings should be established while scanning the affected side and remain unchanged when scanning the unaffected side
c. the US system settings should be established while scanning the unaffected side and remain unchanged when scanning the affected side
d. the epididymis on the affected side should be scanned first

A

c

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25
Which scrotal artery encircles the testicular periphery? a. capsular b. deferential c. centripetal d. cremasteric
a
26
The internal jugular vein merges with what vein to form the brachiocephalic vein? a. innominate vein b. brachial vein c. common carotid vein d. subclavian vein
d
27
Which muscle group is located posterior to the thyroid gland? a. strap muscles b. tracheal muscles c. longus colli muscles d. sternocleidomastoid
c
28
The normal epididymis is located: a. posterolateral to the testicle b. anterolateral to the testicle c. anteromedial to the testicle d. posteromedial to the testicle
a
29
Which of the following is synthesized by the adrenal medulla? a. aldosterone b. androgens c. epinephrine d. cortisol
c
30
An increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium resorption in the small intestines? a. parathyroid stimulating hormone b. calcitonin c. T4 d. thyroid stimulating hormone
a
31
The thyroid normally produces the most of which of the following hormones? a. T4 b. thyrotropin c. TSH d. T3
a
32
The __ is formed at the junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. a. ejaculatory duct b. efferent ducts c. rete testes d. afferent ducts
a
33
Which scrotal arteries penetrate the testicular parenchyma to supply oxygenated blood? a. cremasteric b. deferential c. centripetal d. capsular
c
34
The __ gland is located under the mandible and is drained by the __. a. submandibular, Wharton duct b. parotid, Stensen duct c. submandibular, Stensen duct d. sublingual, Wharton duct
a
35
Where is the Dartos muscle and fascia? a. in the urinary bladder b. in the cystic duct c. in the abdominal wall d. in the scrotal sac
d
36
Which two gut layers are normally hypoechoic on the ultrasound image? a. serosa, muscularis propia b. serosa, superficial mucosa c. submucosa, muscularis propia d. deep mucosa, musclaris propia
d
37
Which muscle group is located anterolateral to the lobes of the thyroid gland? a. longus colli muscle b. tracheal muscles c. sternocleidomastoid d. strap mucles
c
38
The fibromuscular stroma of the prostate can be referred to as the __ zone. a. anterior b. central c. peripheral d. transitional
a
39
When evaluating the small bowel with ultrasound, which finding below is always considered abnormal? a. 5 layers of gut wall b. Bull's eye appearance c. Color Doppler displayed with peristalsis d. intraluminal and extraluminal fluid
d
40
The quadratus lumborum muscle is __ to the kidney. a. posterior b. anterior c. medial d. lateral
a
41
Which structure is most anterior at the renal hilum? a. vein b. ureter c. artery
a
42
The psoas muscle is __ to the kidney. a. posterolateral b. anterolateral c. posteromedial d. anteromedial
c
43
Which of the following best describes the normal Doppler tracing from the renal arteries? a. low resistance waveform with increased diastolic flow reversal b. low resistance waveform with increased diastolic flow c. triphasic waveform with increased diastolic flow reversal d. high resistance flow with increased diastolic flow reversal
b
44
The __ arteries are the vessels that course between the renal pyramids. a. segmental b. lobular c. interlobar d. arcuate
c
45
The largest abdominal tributaries of the IVC are: a. gonadal veins b. hepatic veins c. renal veins d. main portal vein
b
46
On a longitudinal scan, this vessel is seen in cross section posterior to the IVC: a. left renal vein b. right renal artery c. left renal artery d. right renal vein
b
47
Which of the following vessels follows a retrocaval course in the abdomen? a. portal confluence b. superior mesenteric artery c. left renal artery d. right renal artery
d
48
The spleen produces __ and their main function is to control antibodies and prevent infection. a. amylase b. aldosterone c. platelets d. leukocytes
d
49
The splenic vein is located: a. anterior to the pancreas b. posterior to the portal vein c. posterior to the superior mesenteric artery d. anterior to the superior mesenteric artery
d
50
Dehydration can be caused by reduced levels of __ in the blood. a. anti-diuretic hormone b. epinephrine c. cortisol d. bilirubin
a
51
The proximal superior mesenteric vein is normally located __ the proximal superior mesenteric artery in the abdomen. a. posterior to b. to the left of c. superior to d. to the right of
d
52
A portion of the following structures are visualized posterior to the kidney, except: a. psoas muscle b. diaphragm c. quadratus lumborum d. levator ani muscle
d
53
Measurements of the bladder wall thickness should normally be no more than __ when fully distended and no more than __ when nearly empty. a. 3mm, 5mm b. 5mm, 3mm c. 5mm, 8mm d. 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm
a
54
Billroth cords in the red pulp of the spleen are responsible for __ destruction. Malpighian corpuscles in the white pulp of the spleen are responsible for __ production. a. platelet, lymphocyte b. red blood cell, lymphocyte c. lymphocyte, red blood cell d. lymphocyte, platelet
b
55
The splenic artery courses across the __ surface of the pancreas. a. anterior inferior b. posterior superior c. posterior inferior d. none of the above
b
56
The kidneys release renin to stimulate the release of: a. anti-diuretic hormone to counteract low blood pressure b. angiotensin to counteract high blood pressure c. angiotensin to counteract low blood pressure d. anti-diuretic hormone to counteract high blood pressure
c
57
What is the term for a normal renal variant of a single cortical bulge off of the lateral border of the left kidney? a. column of Bertin b. Fetal lobulation c. Cortical hyperplasia d. Dromedary hump
d
58
Which of the following structures lies posterior to the diaphragmatic crura? a. IVC b. aorta c. celiac axis d. aorta and IVC
b
59
The __ arteries are the vessels that course parallel to the renal capsule within the parenchyma. a. lobular b. segmental c. arcuate d. interlobular
c
60
The cup-like or funnel shaped extensions of the renal sinus that originate at the papilla and collect urine that is coursing toward the renal pelvis are: a. minor calyces b. pyramids c. cortex d. major calyces
a
61
Which of the following describes the location of lymphocyte production in the spleen? a. alpha cells b. Malpighian corpuscles c. Kupffer cells d. Red pulp
b
62
When resistance in the distal vascular bed decreases, what happens to the resistive index? a. decreases b. increases c. no change unless collateral vessels present d. no change
a
63
Autoregulation of the systemic blood pressure refers to: a. the renin-angiotensin system that controls the glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys and systemic BP level b. the release of epinephrine to cause constriction of the convoluted tubules c. the renin-angiotensin system that controls the level of constriction of the convoluted tubules d. the release of norephinephrine to cause constriction of the convoluted tubules
a
64
The renal cortex contains which of the following: a. calyces b. loops of Henle c. pyramids d. Bowman capsule
d
65
Which of the following lists the branches in the correct order that they originate from the aortic arch? a. innominate, left carotid, left subclavian b. right innominate, left carotid, left innominate c. right subclavian, right carotid, left innominate d. innominate, right carotid, left subclavian
a
66
The left renal vein passes __ to the aorta to enter the medial aspect of the IVC. a. posterior b. anterior c. superior d. cephalad
b
67
Which portion of the bladder is in direct contact with the anterior vaginal wall/prostate? a. base b. apex c. fundus d. dome
a
68
Applying color Doppler to the distended urinary bladder identifies two ureteral jets at the trigone of the bladder that are directed toward the opposing sides of the bladder. The color demonstrates the flow from the two ureters as an "X" within the bladder lumen. Which of the following statements best characterizes these findings? a. the ureters are abnormally inserted into the bladder causing eccentric ureteral jet formation b. bilateral posterior urethral valves are most likely present c. this is a normal finding d. the patient most likely has cystitis with ureteral inflammation leading to eccentric urine jet formation
c
69
Which of the following vessels follows a retroaortic course in the abdomen? a. portal confluence b. left renal artery c. right renal artery d. none of the above
d
70
The renal arteries arise from the lateral walls of the aorta __. a. 1-2 cm above the SMA origin b. 2-3 cm below the SMA origin c. at the level of the SMA origin d. 2-3 cm below the IMA origin
b
71
The average measurement of the normal spleen is: a. 6-10 cm b. less than 12 cm c. 5-8 cm d. 6-10 mm
b
72
The __ region is defined by the orifices of the two ureters and the urethral outlet. a. fundus b. base c. dome d. trigone
d
73
All of the following structures are directly medial to the splenic hilum, except: a. Morison pouch b. lesser sac c. fundus of the stomach d. pancreatic tail
a
74
The left common carotid artery is a branch of which artery? a. left innominate artery b. left subclavian artery c. left vertebral artery d. aortic arch
d
75
A retrorenal spleen is an important consideration when planning: a. the point of entry for a paracentesis b. a left renal biopsy c. treatment for portal HTN d. AAA repair
b
76
Which of the following would be used to describe the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen? a. lobulated borders b. mottled appearance c. prominent vascularity d. heterogeneous echotexture
c
77
The inferior mesenteric vein empties into the: a. main portal vein b. superior mesenteric vein c. left gastric vein d. splenic vein
d
78
Which of the following is not a required part of an ultrasound evaluation for a suspected AAA? a. evaluate flow in both internal iliac arteries b. assess location in relationship to the renal arteries c. evaluate the AP and width measurements of the true and false lumen if thrombus is present d. evaluate the length of the affected segment
a
79
The left renal vein courses laterally from the left kidney to the IVC by traveling: a. posterior to the aorta and right renal artery b. anterior to both the aorta and the SMA c. posterior to the right renal artery d. anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA
d
80
The diameter of the normal abdominal aorta is greatest at the level of the: a. renal arteries b. iliac bifurcation c. celiac axis d. superior mesenteric artery
c
81
How is the renal cortex measured correctly? a. cortical thickness is always reported from just the right kidney because it is typically thicker than the left kidney b. cortical thickness should be measured in the transverse view of the kidney c. calipers are placed on the peak of the pyramid to the outer edge of the parenchyma d. calipers are placed on the base of the pyramid to the outer edge of the parenchyma.
d
82
The superior mesenteric artery originates from the aorta approximately __ below the celiac axis and posterior to the __. a. 2-3 cm, stomach and duodenum b. 1-2 cm, body of the pancreas c. 2-3 cm, body of the pancreas d. 1-2 cm, stomach and duodenum
b
83
Which renal arterial branches are preferred for accurate assessment of parenchymal resistance? a. intralobular or segmental arteries b. segmental or interlobar arteries c. interlobar or arcuate arteries d. segmental or arcuate arteries
c
84
Which structure is most posterior at the renal hilum? a. vein b. artery c. ureter
c
85
In most patients, the proper hepatic artery bifurcates into the left and right hepatic arteries. In about 10% of patients, the right hepatic artery originates from the __ and the left hepatic artery originates from the ___. a. celiac axis, coronary artery b. SMA, left gastric artery c. splenic artery, common hepatic artery d. left renal artery, right renal artery
b
86
The IVC and SVC empty their blood into the __. a. left atrium b. right ventricle c. left ventricle d. right atrium
d
87
The renal pyramids are found in the: a. calyces b. cortex c. medulla d. sinus
c
88
While imaging the long axis of left renal vein, you identify an anterior, somewhat parallel vessel that demonstrates flow moving in the same direction. What vessel is this? a. superior mesenteric vein b. splenic artery c. IVC d. splenic vein
d
89
The celiac axis originates from the ___, __ to the body of the pancreas. a. aorta, inferior b. superior mesenteric artery, superior c. portal vein, inferior d. aorta, superior
d
90
When trying to distinguish free fluid in the abdomen from the IVC, which of the following is true? a. The iVC will not demonstrate respiratory changes in diameter, while fluid pocket size/shape will vary with respiration b. the intrabdominal fluid is most commonly seen on the left side of the abdomen and the IVC is located on the right side of the abdomen c. The IVC will demonstrate respiratory changes in diameter, while fluid pocket size/shape will not vary respiration d. Color Doppler is an effective tool in differentiating the IVC from free fluid
d
91
The ___ arteries are the vessels that course perpendicular to the renal capsule within the outer renal parenchyma. a. interlobar b. segmental c. interlobular d. arcuate
c
92
Which of the following correctly describes the difference between the normal waveform in the renal artery and the external iliac artery? a. the renal artery flow is monophasic and the external iliac artery demonstrates triphasic flow b. the renal artery flow is triphasic and the external iliac artery demonstrates monophasic flow c. the renal artery is laminar and the external iliac artery demonstrates non-laminar flow d. the renal artery flow is high resistance and the external iliac artery demonstrates low resistance flow
a
93
Which of the following is part of the renal parenchyma? a. major calyces b. pyramids c. segmental arteries d. minor calyces
b
94
Which of the following is responsible for extramedullary hematopoiesis? a. thyroid b. kidneys c. gallbladder d. spleen
d
95
The major branches of the celiac axis are: a. left gastric, splenic, common hepatic artery b. left gastric, common hepatic artery, gastroduodenal artery c. hepatic, gastroduodenal artery, splenic d. left gastric, SMA, gastroduodenal artery
a
96
The fibrous capsule surrounding the kidneys, fat, and adrenal glands is referred to as: a. gerota fascia b. Glisson capsule c. Glisson fascia d. Peritoneum
a
97
The loops of Henle are located in which portion of the kidney: a. pyramids b. cortex c. medulla d. sinus
c
98
The spleen's normal echotexture is: a. homogeneous throughout b. homogeneous and hyperechoic compared to the sinus of the left kidney c. mildly inhomogeneous d. homogeneous with portal echoes seen throughout
a
99
This vessel arises from the anterior aorta and courses inferiorly, parallel to the aorta: a. common hepatic artery b. splenic artery c. superior mesenteric vein d. superior mesenteric artery
d
100
Accessory spleens are usually seen: a. adjacent to the inferior pole of the left kidney b. at the posterior aspect of the spleen c. near the porta hepatis d. near the splenic hilum
d

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