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Apex Review > ANS anatomy and physiology 4 > Flashcards

ANS anatomy and physiology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure is the origin of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve?
a. nucleus ambiguus
b. superior salivatory nucleus
c. nucleus of tractus solitarius
d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

A

d. Edinger-Westphal nucleus

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2
Q

All preganglionic autonomic neurons originate in the

A

CNS

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3
Q

The IML lies in

A

Rexed’s lamina 7

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4
Q

The cell bodies (soma) of preganglionic sympathetic fibers are located within the

A

lateral horn of the spinal cord grey matter- specifically within the IML

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5
Q

The cell bodies of cranial nerve 3 lies within

A

the Edinger-Westphal

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6
Q

The cell bodies of cranial nerve 7 lies within the

A

superior salivatory

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7
Q

The cell bodies of cranial nerve 9 lies within the

A

inferior salivatory

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8
Q

Cell bodies of cranial nerve 10 are located in the

A

dorsal motor nucleus of 10, the nucleus ambiguus, and the nucleus tractus solitarius

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9
Q

The somatomotor division arises in the

A

ventral horn of the spinal cord

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10
Q

The anatomic characteristic of the parasympathetic 2-neuron efferent pathways is ____________ preganglionic, and ________ postganglionic

A

long, short

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11
Q

The four parasympathetic cranial nerve ganglia (3, 7, 9 & 10) transmit postganglionic sympathetic fibers and sensory fibers without

A

relay interruption

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12
Q

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of CN 7 and 9 piggyback on branches of the

A

trigeminal nerve to reach their ultimate effector targets

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13
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic nerves to the inferior hypogastric plexus originate from

A

the IML horn of S2-S4

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14
Q

Parasympathetic outflow arises from spinal cord levels:

A

S2-S4

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15
Q

List 5 nerve plexuses that distribute parasympathetic fibers to the viscera.

A

Cardiac
pulmonary
celiac
pharyngeal
& esophageal

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16
Q

The inferior hypogastric plexus is also known as the

A

pelvic plexus

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17
Q

Discomfort in the left arm and left side of the chest due to nociceptive input from the left ventricle is called:
a. referred pain
b. phantom limb pain
c. pure visceral pain
d. viscerosomatic pain

A

a. referred pain

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18
Q

All internal organs are densely innervated by

A

visceral afferents

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19
Q

Sensory afferents from the viscera trek in the

A

autonomic plexuses

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20
Q

Sensory afferents from the body wall (somatic) travel in the

A

spinal nerves

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21
Q

Visceral afferents from the heart, lungs, & GI tract are conveyed in the _________ nerve to the ______________

A

vagus; nucleus of the tractus solitarius

22
Q

_________ is the phenomenon whereby noxious stimuli that originate in a visceral structure, such as the heart or stomach, are perceived as pain arising from a somatic portion of the body wall such as skin, bones or skeletal muscles

A

Referred pain

23
Q

Sensory afferent fibers are called

A

pseudounipolar neurons

24
Q

______________ have a cell body (soma) with a short, single process that branches into a peripheral process and central process

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

25
Q

Visceral afferent fibers travel from the periphery to the CNS by two routes:

A

from the viscera in the autonomic plexuses
from the body wall (somatic) in the spinal nerves

26
Q

The cell bodies of visceral (autonomic) afferents are located in one of two places:

A

the sensory ganglia of cranial nerves containing ANS fibers
the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

27
Q

The sympathetic efferent pathways START in the ____ and END at the ___________

A

CNS; effector (target) organs

28
Q

The visceral afferent sensory pathways START at the _____________ and END at the

A

Organs; CNS

29
Q

Preganglionic and postganglionic apply only to __________ autonomic pathways

A

efferent

30
Q

_________ is felt in the region of the affected organ

A

Pure visceral pain

31
Q

Pure visceral pain is characteristically

A

vague and deep-seated, often accompanied by nausea or sweating

32
Q

Another name for viscerosomatic pain is

A

parietal pain

33
Q

A good example of parietal pain is

A

appendicitis- reported in the area of the umbilicus or just below (referred pain) but also pain directly over the appendix with palpation

34
Q

What type of nerve fibers are visceral afferents?

A

C fibers and A Gamma

35
Q

Which cranial nerve with parasympathetic components does NOT transmit sensory information?

A

CN 3

36
Q

Noxious visceral sensations generally travel in which division of the ANS?

A

sympathetic division

37
Q

Which neurotransmitter is released from postganglionic parasympathetic varicosities?
a. norepinephrine
b. glutamate
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin

A

c. acetylcholine

38
Q

What are the kinds of messages transmitted in the autonomic (visceral) nervous system?

A

electrical
chemical

39
Q

______________ are action potentials traveling along neurons and ______________ are the neurotransmitters released from neurons.

A

Electrical messages; chemical messages

40
Q

All preganglionic neurons in the ANS use __________ as their neurotransmitter

A

ACh

41
Q

______________________ mediate the majority of PNS physiologic effects

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs)

42
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ________ onto the target tissue

A

ACh

43
Q

ACh released from all preganglionic nerve terminals acts on _____________ receptors in the autonomic ganglia

A

Nicotinic (Nn)

44
Q

The synapse between a postganglionic neuron and the effector (target) is a special type of synapse called the

A

neuroeffector junction

45
Q

Whether a neurotransmitter causes excitation or inhibition at an effector is usually determined by the nature of the

A

receptor protein in the cell membrane and the subsequent signal transduction initiated by the receptor

46
Q

Nicotinic ACh receptors are ________ receptors

A

ionotropic

47
Q

_______________- mediate the majority of the PNS physiologic effects

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

48
Q

M1 receptors exist in the

A

autonomic ganglia and in some glands

49
Q

M2 receptors are often called ___________ receptors because they are primarily found in the

A

cardiac; heart

50
Q

M3 receptors are prominent in

A

exocrine glands and smooth muscles

51
Q

How many subtypes of muscarinic receptors exist?

A

M1-M5 (5)

52
Q

What is stored in postganglionic terminal varicosities?

A

neurotransmitters

Apex Review (224 decks)

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