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Apex Review > Coagulation 2 > Flashcards

Coagulation 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of actin in the platelet?

A

helps the platelet contract to form a platelet plug

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2
Q

What is the function of ADP in the platelet?

A

platelet activation and aggregation

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3
Q

What is the function of serotonin the platelet?

A

activates nearby platelets

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4
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A

adheres to injured endothelium, collagen, and fibrinogen

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5
Q

What is the function of growth factor in the platelet?

A

helps repair damaged vessel walls

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6
Q

Which substance is responsible for adhering the platelet to the damaged vessel?
a. thromboxane A2
b. ADP
c. Tissue factor
d. Von Willebrand factor

A

d. Von Willebrand factor

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7
Q

Immediately following vascular injury, the vessel (tunica media)

A

contracts to reduce blood flow to the affected area

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8
Q

Formation of the platelet plug is called

A

primary hemostasis

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9
Q

Primary hemostasis can be divided into three steps:

A

adhesion
activation
aggregation

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10
Q

Adhesion is when

A

after vascular injury, platelets immediately adhere to exposed collagen with the help of von Willebrand factor

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11
Q

Activation is when

A

platelets contract & release a series of compounds that attract other platelets to the site of injury and promote clotting

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12
Q

Aggregation is when

A

a platelet plug forms (small injuries)

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13
Q

For larger injuries, the coagulation process is

A

required to strengthen the clot

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14
Q

What are the four steps in the hemostatic mechanism?

A

vascular spasm
formation of the platelet plug
formation of the fibrin clot
fibrinolysis

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15
Q

What are the two functions that vascular spasm serves?

A

reduces blood loss
helps procoagulants remain in the affected area so that they can do their jobs

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16
Q

_____________ links activated platelets together to form the platelet plug

A

GpIIb/IIIa receptor complex

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17
Q

How does the injured blood vessel initially activate the platelet plug?

A

endothelial injury exposes collagen. Exposed collagen at the site of vascular injury activates platelets

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18
Q

Match each coagulation factor with its pathway:
calcium, tissue factor, prothrombin, hageman factor
affects all pathways, extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway, final common pathway

A

calcium- affects all pathways
tissue factor- extrinsic pathway
prothrombin- final common pathway
Hageman factor- intrinsic pathway

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19
Q

The classical model of coagulation consists of

A

two distinct pathways: extrinsic and intrinsic that come together in the final pathway

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20
Q

The _____________ is activated when coagulation is initiated outside of the intravascular space.

A

Extrinsic pathway

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21
Q

The ______________ is activated when coagulation is initiated inside of the itnravscular space.

A

Intrinsic pathway

22
Q

_____________ is a more modern approach to coagulation.

A

The cell-based model of coagulation

23
Q

In the cell-based model of coagulation, coagulation is initiated by the ___________________, as injured endothelium releases _________—

A

extrinsic pathway; tissue factor (factor 3)

24
Q

In the cell based model of coagulation, the intrinsic pathway serves to

A

amplify the thrombin generating effect of the extrinsic pathway

25
Q

__________ coagulation factors participate in the coagulation cascade

A

12

26
Q

Explain the numbering of the coagulation factors.

A

there’s no factor 6, which explains why they’re numbered from 1-13

27
Q

The primary purpose of the coagulation cascade is to produce

A

fibrin

28
Q

What is the mnemonic for remembering the names of the factors?

A

Foolish people try climbing long slopes after Christmas, some people have fallen

29
Q

Factor 1 is

A

fibrinogen

30
Q

Factor 2 is

A

prothrombin

31
Q

factor 3 is

A

tissue factor

32
Q

Factor 4 is

A

calcium ions

33
Q

Factor 5 is

A

labile factor

34
Q

Factor 7 is

A

stable factor

35
Q

factor 8 is

A

antihemophilic factor

36
Q

Factor 9 is

A

Christmas factor

37
Q

factor 10 is

A

Stuart-Prower factor

38
Q

Factor 11 is

A

plasma thromboplastin antecedent

39
Q

Factor 12 is

A

Hageman factor

40
Q

factor 13 is

A

Fibrin stabilizing factor

41
Q

All of the factors are synthesized by the __________ except for factors

A

liver; 3 & 4

42
Q

Factor 4, calcium ions, are synthesized from the

A

diet

43
Q

Factor 3, tissue factor, is synthesized from the

A

vascular wall

44
Q

Describe the 6 steps to draw the coagulation cascade:

A
  1. count backward from 12
  2. 3, 4, & 6 don’t exist
  3. 10 is the frontman in the band- it’s the only one out of order
  4. 5 & 8 are co-factors so they go above the line
  5. 7 is lucky, so it goes in your pocket (below the line)
  6. 2 is prothrombin & 1 is fibrinogen
45
Q

Vitamin K factors include

A

2, 7, 9 & 10

46
Q

The INtrinsic pathway is longer, so it’s measured by the

A

PTT (more letters)

47
Q

The EXtrinsic pathway is shorter so it’s measured by the

A

PT 9fewer letters)

48
Q

The EXtrinsic pathway looks like a gun, and guns are used in war. therefore, ________ inhibits the extrinsic pathway

A

WARfarin

49
Q

The gun of the EXtrinsic pathway is fired with your _________

A

trigger finger (TF= Tissue factor)

50
Q

The Extrinsic pathway is activated by

A

TISSUE Factor

51
Q

For the final common pathway, just think of dollar denominations:

A

10, 5, 2 & 1

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