Chemistry and physics 2

Question 1

Boyle’s law is at a

Answer 1

constant temperature, the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional
as the volume decreases, the pressure increases

Question 2

Applications of Boyle’s law include

Answer 2

diaphragm contraction increases tidal volume
pneumatic bellows used for positive-pressure ventilation
squeezing a bag valve mask
using the bourdon pressure gauge to calculate how much O2 is left in a cylinder

Question 3

Charles’ law states that

Answer 3

at constant pressure, the temperature and volume of a gas are directly proportional
heated gas tends to expand

Question 4

Application of Charles’ law includes

Answer 4

LMA cuff ruptures when placed in an autoclave

Question 5

Gay-Lussac’s law states that

Answer 5

at a constant volume, the temperature and pressure of a gas are directly proportional
-heated gas tends to increase the pressure in a containe

Question 6

Application of Gay-Lussac’s law is

Answer 6

oxygen tank explodes in a hot environment

Question 7

The ideal gas law

Answer 7

unifies all three gas laws into a single equation

Question 8

What is the ideal gas law?

Answer 8

PV=nRT
P= pressure
V= volume
n= number of moles
r= constant 0.0821
t= temperature

Question 9

Boyle’s law equation is

Answer 9

P1V1=P2V2

Question 10

Charles’ law equation is

Answer 10

V1/T1=V2/T2

Question 11

Gay-Lussac’s Law is

Answer 11

P1/T1=P2/T2

Question 12

What is meant by “Paid TV can be great”

Answer 12

It is the mnemonic used to remind which variables remain constant in each gas law:
P= pressure, T= Temperature, V= volume, C= Charles, B=Boyles, G= Gay-Lussac

Question 13

During laminar flow, quadrupling the radius will cause flow to increase by a factor of:

Answer 13

256

Question 14

__________- states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance

Answer 14

Ohm’s law

Question 15

Ohm’s law can be adapted to understand ______________ where flow is ________________ to the pressure gradient and ___________ to the resistance

Answer 15

fluid flow; directly proportionate; inversely proportional

Question 16

Poiseuille’s law is a modification of Ohm’s law that incorporates

Answer 16

vessel diameter, viscosity, and tube length

Question 17

Poiseuille’s law is also known as the

Answer 17

Hagen-Poiseuille equation

Question 18

Altering the __________- has the greatest impact on flow

Answer 18

radius

Question 19

Doubling the radius, increases flow by a factor of

Answer 19

16

Question 20

Applications of Poiseuille’s law include

Answer 20

selecting a large-bore IV (instead of a small one) increases flow
polycythemia reduces microvascular flow
carotid stenosis reduces flow through the carotid artery

Question 21

Flow is defined as the

Answer 21

movement of electricity, fluid, or air per unit time

Question 22

Ohm’s law can be adapted into a flow equation:

Answer 22

Flow= pressure gradient/resistance

Question 23

Poiseuille’s Law equation is

Answer 23

Q= (pie x R^4 x delta P) / 8 n x L
Q= blood flow
r= radius
delta P= arteriovenous pressure gradient (Pa-Pv)
n= viscosity
l= length of the tube

Question 24

__________ is the result of friction from intermolecular forces as fluid passes through a tube

Answer 24

Viscosity

Question 25

A fluid's viscosity is _______________ to its temperature

Answer 25

inversely proportionate decreased temperature increases viscosity and resistance

Question 26

When administering PRBCs, we can deliver packed RBCs faster if we:

Answer 26

increase the radius with a large-bore IV increase the pressure gradient with a pressure bag or increase the height of the IV pole decrease the viscosity by diluting the blood with 0.9% NaCl or running it through a fluid warmer decrease the length by not using longer tubing than you really need

Question 27

Reynold's umber is the LOWEST in the: a. glottis b. medium-sized bronchi c. carina d. terminal bronchioles

Answer 27

d. terminal bronchioles

Question 28

What are the three types of flow?

Answer 28

laminar turbulent transitional

Question 29

Reynolds' number allows us to

Answer 29

predict the type of flow that will occur in a given situation

Question 30

Laminar flow is defined as

Answer 30

Re <2000

Question 31

All the molecules in laminar flow travel in

Answer 31

a parallel pattern

Question 32

An example of laminar flow is

Answer 32

airflow in the terminal bronchioles blood flow in the systemic circulation

Question 33

Turbulent flow is defined as

Answer 33

Re>4,000

Question 34

All the molecules in turbulent flow travel in a

Answer 34

chaotic pattern

Question 35

Examples of turbulent flow include

Answer 35

airflow through medium-sized bronchi

Question 36

Transitional flow is defined as

Answer 36

Re= 2,000-4,000

Question 37

Transitional displays a

Answer 37

turbulent pattern in the center of the tube and a laminar pattern near the walls of the tube

Question 38

Reynolds' number equation is

Answer 38

(density x diameter x velocity)/ viscosity

Question 39

Laminar flow is dependent on

Answer 39

gas viscosity

Question 40

Turbulent flow is dependent on

Answer 40

gas density

Question 41

With laminar flow, due to cohesive forces, the molecules in the center of the tube travel at

Answer 41

the fastest rate while the molecules near the walls of the tube travel at the slowest rate

Question 42

Turbulent flow tends to be produced by a /an:

Answer 42

orifice (change to a narrow diameter) high gas flow acute angle in the tube (>25 degrees) branching in the tube

Question 43

The patient with status asthmaticus suffers from an increased airway resistance and this increases flow turbulence and the work of breathing, ________________ decreases Reynold's number and can improve airflow when airway resistance is high

Answer 43

oxygen/helium mixture (Heliox)

Question 44

Helium does NOT improve flow if it's

Answer 44

already laminar

Question 45

What law describes laminar flow? Why?

Answer 45

Poiseuille's law laminar flow is dependent on gas viscosity

Question 46

What law describes turbulent flow? Why?

Answer 46

Graham's law. turbulent flow is dependent on gas density

Question 47

Which physical principle applies to the operation of a jet ventilator? (select 2) a. critical pressure b. venturi effect c. Bernoulli principle d. Coanda effect

Answer 47

b. venturi effect c. Bernoulli principle