Coagulation

Question 1

Match each mediator with its primary function in the blood:
Protein C, Plasminogen activation inhibitor, Von Willebrand factor, tPA
Procoagulant, anticoagulant, antifibrinolytic fibrinolytic

Answer 1

Von Willebrand factor- procoagulant
Protein C- anticoagulant
tPA- fibrinolytic
plasminogen activation inhibitor- antifibrinolytic

Question 2

When there’s a vascular injury, the body attempts to prevent

Answer 2

hemorrhage

Question 3

What steps does the body take to prevent hemorrhage?

Answer 3

vascular spasm
formation of platelet plug (primary hemostasis)
coagulation and fibrin formation (secondary hemostasis)
fibrinolysis when the clot is no longer needed

Question 4

When there is no injury, blood remains

Answer 4

as a liquid

Question 5

How does blood maintain as a liquid?

Answer 5

coagulation proteins circulate in inactive form
the endothelium is smooth & the glycocalyx repels clotting factors
undamaged endothelium does not express tissue factor or collagen

Question 6

There’s a delicate balance between factors that

Answer 6

create clots & those that prevent clots; A disruption can lead to pathology

Question 7

Both arteries and venous are made of

Answer 7

3 layers

Question 8

The three layers of arteries and veins include

Answer 8

tunica externa (connective tissue)
tunica media (smooth muscle layer & elastic tissue)
tunica intima (endothelium)

Question 8

The three layers of arteries and veins include

Answer 8

tunica externa (connective tissue)
tunica media (smooth muscle layer & elastic tissue)
tunica intima (endothelium)

Question 9

If procoagulants predominate, then the blood tends to

Answer 9

clot

Question 10

Procoagulants and antifibrinolytics favor

Answer 10

clot formation

Question 11

If anticoagulants predominate, then the blood has a tendency

Answer 11

not to clot

Question 12

Anticoagulants and fibrinolytics favor

Answer 12

clot destruction

Question 13

Coagulation factors, collagen, wVF, fibronectin, and thrombomodulin are all

Answer 13

procoagulants

Question 14

Protein C, protein S, antithrombin, tissue pathway factor inhibitor are all

Answer 14

anticoagulants

Question 15

Plasminogen, tPA, urokinase are all

Answer 15

fibronlytics

Question 16

Alpha-antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor are

Answer 16

antifbrinolytics

Question 17

Vasoactive mediators that cause vasoconstriction include

Answer 17

thromboxane A2, ADP, serotonin

Question 18

Vasoactive mediators that cause vasodilation include

Answer 18

nitric oxide
prostacyclin

Question 19

__________– breaks down plasmin

Answer 19

plasminogen

Question 20

________ & _____________ activates plasmin

Answer 20

Urokinase and tPA

Question 21

What is a cofactor for protein C?

Answer 21

Protein S

Question 22

Protein C is responsible for

Answer 22

degrading factor 5a & 8a

Question 23

Antithrombin inactivates

Answer 23

2a (thrombin)
factors 9a, 10a, 11a, & 12a

Question 24

Tissue pathway factor inhibitor is responsible for

Answer 24

inhibiting tissue factor

Question 25

Coagulation factors promote

Answer 25

coagulation

Question 26

Collagen provides

Answer 26

tensile strength

Question 27

Von Willebrand factor provides

Answer 27

platelet adhesion

Question 28

Fibronectin is responsible for

Answer 28

cell adhesion

Question 29

____________- regulates naturally occurring anticoagulants

Answer 29

Thrombomodulin

Question 30

Alpha antiplasmin

Answer 30

inactivates tPA, urokinase

Question 31

Plasminogen activator inhibitor

Answer 31

inhibits plasmin

Question 32

Platelets contain the following components EXCEPT: a. actin b. deoxyribonucleic acid c. adenosine diphosphate d. calcium

Answer 32

b. deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 33

Normal value of platelets is

Answer 33

150,000-300,000/mm3

Question 34

The lifespan of platelets is

Answer 34

8-12 days (1-2 weeks)

Question 35

The spleen can sequester up to

Answer 35

1/3rd of all circulating platelets for later use

Question 36

Platelets are a

Answer 36

structural component of the clot

Question 37

Platelets are essential delivery vehicles that provide

Answer 37

many substrates required for clot formation

Question 38

Megakaryocytes produce platelets in

Answer 38

the bone marrow

Question 39

Components of the platelet on the external membrane include

Answer 39

glycoproteins phospholipids

Question 40

Components of the inside of the platelet include

Answer 40

actin & myosin thrombosthenin ADP calcium fibrin-stabilizing factor serotonin growth factor

Question 41

In the absence of vascular injury, the endothelium inhibits platelet function by secreting:

Answer 41

nitric oxide- inhibits TxA2 receptor prostaglandin 12- inhibits vWF adherence, TxA2 activation, and release of storage granules

Question 42

Platelet receptors that exist on the platelet include

Answer 42

ADP GPIb TxA2 Thrombin GPIIb-IIa

Question 43

Platelets are cleared by

Answer 43

macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system and the spleen