Brain

Question 1

What are the four types of glial cells in the central nervous system?

Answer 1

astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia
oligodendrocytes

Question 2

The ______ is the functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 2

Neuron

Question 3

The primary role of the neuron is to

Answer 3

receive and send information

Question 4

_______ form white matter

Answer 4

Myelinated axons

Question 5

_______ forms grey matter

Answer 5

Cell bodies and nonmyelinated axons

Question 6

A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

Most brain tumors arise from

Answer 7

glial cells

Question 8

The glial cells (nerve glue) support

Answer 8

neuronal function

Question 9

The three types of neurons found in the CNS include

Answer 9

Multipolar (most of the CNS neurons)
Pseudounipolar
bipolar

Question 10

The glial cells support neuronal function through these 4 actions:

Answer 10

creating a healthy ionic environment
modulating nerve conduction
controlling reuptake of neurotransmitters
repairing neurons following neuronal injury

Question 11

These glial cells act as macrophages and phagocytize neuronal debris.

Answer 11

microglia

Question 12

These glial cells form the myelin sheath in the CNS

Answer 12

oligodendrocytes
*Schwann cells form the myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 13

These glial cells produce CSF

Answer 13

ependymal cells

Question 14

These glial cells regulate the metabolic environment and repair the neuron after neuronal injury

Answer 14

astrocytes

Question 15

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 15

Frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal

Question 16

The brain can be divided into four areas:

Answer 16

cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum

Question 17

The cerebral hemispheres contain the

Answer 17

cerebral cortex
hippocampus
amygdala
basal ganglia

Question 18

The diencephalon contains the

Answer 18

thalamus & hypothalamus

Question 19

The brainstem contains the

Answer 19

midbrain, pons, medulla, and reticular activating system

Question 20

The cerebellum can be divided into the

Answer 20

archeocerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum

Question 21

The frontal cortex contains the ______ cortex

Answer 21

motor

Question 22

The parietal cortex contains the ______ cortex

Answer 22

somatic sensory

Question 23

The occipital cortex contains the ______ cortex

Answer 23

vision

Question 24

The temporal cortex contains the ______ cortex

Answer 24

auditory cortex & speech centers

Question 25

Wernicke's area is responsible for

Answer 25

understanding speech

Question 26

Broca's area is responsible for

Answer 26

motor control of speech

Question 27

The hippocampus is responsible for

Answer 27

memory and learning

Question 28

The amygdala is responsible for

Answer 28

emotion, appetite, responds to pain and stressors

Question 29

The basal ganglia is responsible for

Answer 29

fine control of movement

Question 30

The cerebral cortex is responsible for

Answer 30

cognition, movement, and sensation

Question 31

The primary neurohumoral organ is the

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

The ______ acts as a relay station that directs information to various cortical structures

Answer 32

thalamus

Question 33

The RAS system controls

Answer 33

consciousness, arousal, and sleep

Question 34

This cerebellum maintains equilibrium

Answer 34

archicerebellum

Question 35

This cerebellum regulates muscle tone

Answer 35

paleocerebellum

Question 36

This cerebellum coordinates voluntary muscle movement

Answer 36

Neocerebellum

Question 37

Where is the reticular activating system located?

Answer 37

brainstem

Question 38

Which cranial nerve is MOST likely to be compressed by a pituitary tumor? a. olfactory b. optic c. oculomotor d. facial

Answer 38

B. optic

Question 39

What are the 12 cranial nerve pairs?

Answer 39

1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibulocochlear 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Spinal accessory 12. hypoglossal

Question 40

Eye movement is controlled by the following cranial nerves:

Answer 40

CN 3, 4, and 6

Question 41

Bell's palsy results from injury to the

Answer 41

facial nerve (CN 7)

Question 42

Parasympathetic output is carried by CN

Answer 42

3, 7, 9, & 10

Question 43

This cranial nerve generates excruciating neuropathic pain in the face

Answer 43

Tic douloureux (trigeminal neuralgia CN 5)

Question 44

This nerve is responsible for 75% of all parasympathetic activity

Answer 44

Vagus nerve (CN 10)

Question 45

The mneumonic for the five branches of the facial nerve is

Answer 45

Two Zebras Bit My Carrot temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical

Question 46

Which cranial nerve is not part of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 46

the optic nerve CN 2; it is a cranial nerve

Question 47

The mnemonic to remember nerve names is

Answer 47

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How

Question 48

What is the mnemonic to remember the functions of the cranial nerves

Answer 48

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business to Marry Money

Question 49

The bedside test to check the olfactory nerve is

Answer 49

smell

Question 50

The bedside test to check the optic nerve is

Answer 50

vision

Question 51

The bedside test to check the oculomotor nerve is

Answer 51

eye movement pupil constriction

Question 52

The bedside test to check the trochlear nerve is

Answer 52

eye movement

Question 53

The bedside test to check the trigeminal nerve is

Answer 53

sensation to face, anterior 2/3rd of tongue, muscles of mastication

Question 54

The trigeminal nerve is composed of

Answer 54

V1: ophthalmic V2: maxillary V3: mandibular

Question 55

The bedside test to check the abducens nerve is

Answer 55

eye movement

Question 56

The bedside test to check the facial nerve is

Answer 56

eyelid movement except mastication eyelid closing taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue

Question 57

The bedside test to check the vestibulocochlear nerve is

Answer 57

hearing and balance

Question 58

The bedside test to check the glossopharyngeal nerve is

Answer 58

somatic sensation and taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue

Question 59

The bedside test to check the vagus nerve is

Answer 59

swallowing

Question 60

The bedside test to check the spinal accessory nerve is

Answer 60

shoulder shrug

Question 61

The bedside test to check the hypoglossal nerve is

Answer 61

tongue movement