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Apex Review > Miscellaneous topics 3 > Flashcards

Miscellaneous topics 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of drug-induced hyperpyrexia include:

A

malignant hyperthermia
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
serotonin syndrome
anticholinergic poisoning

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2
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is caused by

A

dopamine depletion

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3
Q

Serotonin syndrome is caused by

A

an excess 5-HT activity

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4
Q

Anticholinergic poisoning is caused by

A

excess ACh blockade

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5
Q

Methylene blue has ______________ inhibiting properties

A

MAO-A

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6
Q

Methylene blue can increase the risk of

A

serotonin syndrome in patients taking other serotonergic drugs

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7
Q

Treatment for serotonin syndrome is

A

cyproheptadine

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8
Q

Treatment for anticholinergic poisioning is

A

physostigmine

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9
Q

Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome is

A

bromocriptine, dantrolene

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10
Q

What are causes of sympathomimetic syndrome?

A

amphetamines
cocaine

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11
Q

What are key features of sympathomimetic syndrome?

A

agitation
hallucinations
arrhythmias
myocardial ischemia

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12
Q

What are treatments for sympathomimetic syndrome

A

vasodilators
labetalol
supportive care

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13
Q

What is the cause of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

A

tricyclic antidepressants- amitriptyline, nortriptyline

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14
Q

What are the key features of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

A

hypotension
decreased LOC/coma
polymorphic VT

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15
Q

What are the treatments for tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

A

magnesium
serum alkalization
supportive care

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16
Q

What drugs can cause serotonin syndrome?

A

SSRIS, SNRIs, MAOIs, MDMA (ecstasy), methylene blue, meperidine, fentanyl

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17
Q

Key features of serotonin syndrome include

A

akathisia
mydriasis
tremor
AMS
clonus
muscle rigidity

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18
Q

Key features of anticholinergic syndrome are

A

red, hot dry skin
mydriasis
delirium

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19
Q

Causes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome are

A

dopamine antagonists- haloperidol, metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, risperidone or withdrawal from dopamine agonists

20
Q

Key features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome include

A

bradykinesia
decreased LOC/coma
rhabdomyolysis
myoglobinuria
acidosis
ANS instability
normal pupils

21
Q

MAOIs combine with _________ increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.

A

meperidine or ephedrine

22
Q

SSRIs combined with _________ increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.

A

meperidine or fentanyl

23
Q

Identify the statements that BEST represents the anesthetic considerations for ophthalmic surgery.
a. intraocular perfusion pressure equals MAP-CVP
b. Aqueous humor is reabsorbed by the ciliary process
c. hypocarbia increases intraocular pressure
d. nitrous oxide is contraindicated for 10 days after a sulfur hexafluoride bubble is placed

A

d. nitrous oxide is contraindicated for 10 days after sulfur hexafluoride bubble is placed

24
Q

IOP is determined by

A

the choroidal blood volume
aqueous fluid volume
extraocular muscle tone

25
Q

Normal IOP is

A

10-20 mmHg

26
Q

Factors that increase IOP include

A

hypercarbia
hypoxemia
increased CVP
increased MAP
laryngoscopy
Trendelenburg position

27
Q

An increased IOP in a patient with an open globe injury can

A

cause permanent blindness

28
Q

What paralytic is recommended for the patient with an open eye injury?

A

succinylcholine is okay to use in a patient with an open eye injury and a full stomach
rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg is also a suitable option

29
Q

Succinylcholine increases IOP by

A

5-15 mmHg for up to 10 minutes

30
Q

Glaucoma is caused by a

A

chronically elevated IOP that leads to retinal artery compression

31
Q

IOP is reduced by

A

drugs that reduce aqueous humor production or facilitate aqueous humor drainage

32
Q

Unique anesthetic considerations for strabismus surgery include

A

increased risk of PONV & activation of the oculocardiac reflex (bradycardia)

33
Q

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated for __________ after a patient undergoes sulfur hexafluoride bubble placement

A

7-10 days

34
Q

Intraocular perfusion pressure equation is

A

IPP= MAP-IOP

35
Q

Aqueous humor is produced by

A

the ciliary process

36
Q

Aqueous humor is reabsorbed by the

A

canal of schlemm

37
Q

Factors that decrease IOP include

A

hypocarbia
decreased CVP
decreased MAP
volatile anesthetics
nitrous oxide
nondepolarizing NMB
propofol
opioids
benzodiazepines
hypothermia

38
Q

Anticholinergics ______________ IOP

A

do not increase

39
Q

LMA placement and/or removal ____________ IOP

A

has a minimal effect on

40
Q

What drug can be used to facilitate aqueous humor drainage?

A

echothiphate

41
Q

Echothiophate can prolong the duration of

A

succinylcholine and ester-type local anesthetics

42
Q

How long does N2O need to be avoided with silicone oil?

A

0 days

43
Q

How long does N2O need to be avoided with an air bubble?

A

5 days

44
Q

How long does N2O need to be avoided with perfluoropropane?

A

30 days

45
Q

What causes open-angle glaucoma?

A

sclerosis of the trabecular meshwork. impairs aqueous humor drainage

46
Q

What causes closed-angle glaucoma?

A

closure of the anterior chamber; creates a mechanical outflow obstruction

Apex Review (224 decks)

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