Cardiovascular anatomy & physiology 2

Question 1

What is the expected oxygen delivery in a 70-kg adult?
a. 20 mL/dL
b. 1000 mL/min
c. 250 mL/min
d. 15 mL/dL

Answer 1

b. 1000 mL/min.

Question 2

_____________ tells us how many grams of oxygen are contained in a deciliter of arterial blood.

Answer 2

Oxygen content (CaO2)

Question 3

What is the oxygen content equation?

Answer 3

CaO2= (Hgb x SaO2 x 1.34) + (PaO2 x 0.003)

Question 4

What is the estimated oxygen content for a 70 kg male?

Answer 4

20 mL/dL

Question 5

__________ tells us how much O2 is carried in arterial blood and how fast it’s being delivered to the tissues.

Answer 5

Oxygen delivery

Question 6

What is the oxygen delivery equation?

Answer 6

Do2= Cardiac output x [(Hgb x SaO2 x 1.34) + (PaO2 x 0.003)] x 10

Question 7

What is the estimated oxygen delivery in a 70 kg male?

Answer 7

1000 mL

Question 8

__________ tells us how much oxygen is extracted by the tissues.

Answer 8

The oxygen extraction ratio (EO2)

Question 9

What is the estimated oxygen extraction ratio?

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

_____ tells us how much oxygen is consumed by the tissues

Answer 10

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

Question 11

What is the estimated oxygen consumption?

Answer 11

250 mL/min or 3.5 mL/kg/min

Question 12

_____________ tells us how much oxygen is carried in venous blood

Answer 12

Venous oxygen content

Question 13

What is the estimated venous oxygen content?

Answer 13

15 mL/dL

Question 14

Blood flow is inversely proportional to:
a. body temperature
b. vessel diameter
c. arteriovenous pressure difference
d. hematocrit

Answer 14

d. hematocrit

Question 15

What is the basic equation for flow?

Answer 15

flow = (P1-P2)/resistance

Question 16

Poiseuille’s law is an adaptation of Ohm’s law that incorporates

Answer 16

vessel diameter
viscosity
tube length

Question 17

The best way to impact flow is to change

Answer 17

the radius because flow is directly proportional to the radius raised to the 4th power

Question 18

Vascular resistance is primarily determined by the

Answer 18

radius of the arterioles

Question 19

____________ can be used to predict if the flow will be laminar or turbulent

Answer 19

Reynolds’ number

Question 20

Reynolds number <2000 predicts that flow will be

Answer 20

mostly laminar

Question 21

Reynolds’ number >4000 predicts that flow will be

Answer 21

mostly turbulent

Question 22

Reynolds 2000-4000 suggests

Answer 22

transitional flow

Question 23

The vibrations that occur with turbulent flow can

Answer 23

produce a murmur (valvular heart disease) or bruit (carotid stenosis)

Question 24

Blood viscosity is directly proportional to _______________- and inversely proportional to _______________

Answer 24

hematocrit; body temperature

Question 25

When administering PRBCs, we can improve flow by

Answer 25

diluting the unit with normal saline and running it through a warming device

Question 26

What are the 5 components of Poiseuille's Law?

Answer 26

radius Q= blood flow length viscosity Arteriovenous pressure gradient (Pa-Pv)

Question 27

Normal cardiac output is

Answer 27

5-6 L/min.

Question 28

Normal stroke volume is

Answer 28

50-100 mL/beat

Question 29

Normal ejection fraction is

Answer 29

60-70%

Question 30

Normal MAP is

Answer 30

70-105 mmHg

Question 31

Normal systemic vascular resistance is

Answer 31

800-1500 dynes x sec x cm-5

Question 32

Normal pulmonary vascular resistance is

Answer 32

150-250 dynes x sec x cm-5

Question 33

What is the formula for cardiac output?

Answer 33

HR x SV

Question 34

What is the formal for cardiac index?

Answer 34

CO/BSA

Question 35

What is the normal value of cardiac index?

Answer 35

2.8-4.2 L/min/m2

Question 36

What is the equation for stroke volume?

Answer 36

EDV-ESV or CO x 1000/HR

Question 37

What is the formula for stroke volume index?

Answer 37

SV/BSA

Question 38

What is the normal value for stroke volume index?

Answer 38

30-65 mL/beat/m2

Question 39

What is the ejection fraction formula?

Answer 39

SV/EDV x 100 or EDV-ESV/EDV x 100

Question 40

What is the MAP formula?

Answer 40

(1/3 x SBP) + (2/3 x DBP) (CO X SVR)/80 X CVP

Question 41

What is the pulse pressure formula?

Answer 41

SBP-DBP or stroke volume output/arterial tree compliance

Question 42

What is the normal value of pulse pressure?

Answer 42

40 mmHg

Question 43

What is the formula for systemic vascular resistance?

Answer 43

MAP-CVP/CO X 80

Question 44

What is the formula for systemic vascular resistance index?

Answer 44

MAP-CVP/CI X 80

Question 45

What is the normal value of systemic vascular resistance index?

Answer 45

1500-2400 dynes x sec x cm-5/m2

Question 46

What is the formula for pulmonary vascular resistance?

Answer 46

MPAP-PAOP/CO x 80

Question 47

What is the formula for pulmonary vascular resistance index?

Answer 47

MPAP-PAOP/CI x 80

Question 48

What is the normal value for pulmonary vascular resistance index?

Answer 48

250-400 dynes x sec x cm-5/m2